Preface	5
	Contents	7
	Contributors	10
	Chapter-1	12
	Ecosystem Services (ES): More than Just a Vogue Term?	12
	References	20
	Chapter-2	23
	Development and Fundamentals of the ES-Approach	23
	2.1 Key Terms	24
	2.2 ES in Retrospect	29
	2.3 Values and Services of Nature for Humans	35
	References	41
	Chapter-3	45
	Conceptual Framework	45
	3.1 Properties, Potentials and Services of Ecosystems	46
	3.1.1 The Cascade Model in the TEEB Study	46
	3.1.2 The EPPS Framework	46
	3.1.3 The Application of the EPPS Framework—The Example 'Mountain Meadow'	54
	3.2 Classification of ES	55
	3.2.1 Introduction	55
	3.2.2 Provisioning Services	56
	3.2.3 Regulation Services	56
	3.2.4 Sociocultural Services	56
	3.2.5 Additional Classification Aspects	59
	3.3 Space and Time Aspects of ES	63
	3.3.1 Fundamentals, Control Scheme	63
	3.3.2 Case Study: EU-Water Framework Directive (WFD) and ES	69
	3.4 Landscape Services	75
	References	79
	Chapter-4	84
	Ascertainment and Assessment of ES	84
	4.1 Indicators and Quantification Approaches	85
	4.1.1 Introduction	85
	4.1.2 Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand Assessment at the Landscape Scale—the ‘Matrix’	86
	4.1.3 Conclusions and Outlook	91
	4.2 Approaches to the Economic Valuation of Natural Assets	94
	4.2.1 Principles of Economic Valuation	94
	4.2.2 The Total Economic Value	99
	4.2.3 Valuation Methods and Techniques	100
	4.2.4 Conclusion	112
	4.3 Scenario-Development and Participative Methods	113
	4.3.1 Basics and Fields of Application	113
	4.3.2 Framework of Scenario Development	114
	4.3.3 Participation and the Case Study Görlitz	117
	4.4 Complex Analyses, Evaluation and Modelling of ES	119
	4.4.1 Background	119
	4.4.2 Energy Crop Production—A Complex Problem for Assessing ES	121
	4.4.3 Application of Models of InVEST to Assess Ecosystem Services	127
	4.5 Communicating ES	135
	4.5.1 The Importance of Communication	135
	4.5.2 ‘Ecosystem Services’ as an Umbrella Term for Communicative Intent	136
	4.5.3 Government and the Market Instead of Communications?	137
	4.5.4 Communications Efforts as an Approach to the Shaping of Environmental Sciences	138
	References	145
	Chapter-5	153
	Governing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Provision	153
	5.1 Policy Mixes for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Service Management	154
	5.1.1 Why Using a Policy Mix?	154
	5.1.2 A Well-Equipped Tool-Box of Policy Instruments	155
	5.1.3 Assessing Instruments for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Service Management in Policy Mixes	156
	5.2 Selected Financial Mechanisms: Payments for Ecosystem Services and Ecological Fiscal Transfer	163
	5.2.1Payments for Ecosystem Services	164
	5.2.2 Ecological Fiscal Transfers	168
	5.3 Integrating the Concept of Ecosystem Services into Landscape Planning	173
	5.3.1 Linking Ecosystem Services with the Landscape Plan	174
	5.3.2 Implementation in Practice—Testing the Example of the Service ‘Erosion Protection’	175
	5.4 Governance in Nature Conservation	180
	5.4.1 Governance and Protection of Biodiversity	180
	5.4.2 The Project GEM-CON-BIO	181
	References	188
	Chapter-6	193
	Land Use, Maintenance and Protection to Ensure ES	193
	6.1 Concept for the Selection of Case Studies	195
	6.2 Assessment of Selected Services of Agro-Ecosystems	197
	6.2.1 Introduction	197
	6.2.2 Agri-Environmental Measures: The AEMBAC Methodology	197
	6.2.3 Agro-economic Evaluation of Landscape Plans	204
	6.2.4 Species-Rich Grassland Services	208
	6.3 Economic Benefit Valuation of the Influence of a Forest Conversion Programme on Ecosystem Services in the Northeastern Lowlands of Germany	216
	6.3.1 Introduction	216
	6.3.2 Raw Wood Production	217
	6.3.3 Carbon Sequestration	219
	6.3.4 Scenic Beauty and Recreation Values	220
	6.3.5 Synopsis and Discussion	221
	6.4 Urban Ecosystem Services: Leipzig as a Case Study	224
	6.4.1 Urban Ecosystem Services and Urban Land Use: A Complex Nexus	225
	6.4.2 An Example of Local Climate Regulation	226
	6.4.3 An Example of Flood Regulation	226
	6.4.4 An Example of Carbon Sequestration in the Urban Area–Reducing the Ecological Backpack of the City?	228
	6.4.5 An Example of the Recreational and Nature Experience	229
	6.5 Cultural Landscapes and their Ecosystem Services	232
	6.5.1 The Example of Orchard Meadows in the Swabian Alb Biosphere Reserve	232
	6.5.2 Calculation of Landscape Management Measures and Costs	239
	6.6 Specific Nature Protection and Development Strategies	248
	6.6.1 Nature Conservation and Ecosystem Services	248
	6.6.2 Soil and Water Protection	266
	6.6.3 Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services–The Case of Wetland Restoration Along the German Elbe River	272
	6.6.4 Peatland Use in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany: Monetarization of the Ecosystem Service Climate Protection	281
	6.7 Systematisation of the Case Studies	288
	References	291
	Chapter-7	301
	Recommendations and Outlook	301
	7.1 Work Steps for the Analysis and Evaluation of ES	302
	7.2 Future Challenges Regarding ES	307
	References	312
	Index	314