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Preface |
6 |
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Contents |
8 |
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Chapter 1: The Biopharmaceuticals Field and Algae as Expression Hosts |
12 |
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Introduction |
12 |
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Biopharmaceuticals Market and Current Limitations |
14 |
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Current Platforms for the Large-Scale Production of BFs |
16 |
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General Features of Microalgae |
17 |
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Features of Algae and Implications in BFs Production |
18 |
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Relevant Algae Species |
20 |
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Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
20 |
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Dunaliella salina |
21 |
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii |
21 |
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Schizochytrium sp. |
21 |
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Prospective View |
22 |
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References |
22 |
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Chapter 2: Genetic Engineering Approaches for Algae |
26 |
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Introduction |
26 |
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Construction of Genes and Expression Vectors |
27 |
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Transformation Techniques |
31 |
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
31 |
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Biolistic |
33 |
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Glass Beads Treatment |
34 |
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Electroporation |
34 |
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Expression Modalities |
34 |
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Nuclear and Chloroplast-Based Expression |
34 |
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Inducible Expression |
35 |
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Overview of Algae Transformation Achievements |
37 |
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Advances for Transgene Expression in the Model Alga C. reiinhardtii |
39 |
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Multigene Expression and Organelle Targeting |
39 |
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Generation of Mutant Strains with High Productivity |
44 |
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Fusion to Protein Partners |
45 |
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The Transformosome Concept |
45 |
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Prospective View |
46 |
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References |
46 |
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Chapter 3: Algae-Made Vaccines Targeting Human Diseases |
52 |
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Introduction |
52 |
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Gut Associated Immune System and Oral Vaccination |
53 |
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Vaccines Targeting Infectious Agents |
57 |
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Plasmodium falciparum |
57 |
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Staphylococcus aureus |
60 |
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Human Papillomavirus |
60 |
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Influenza Virus |
61 |
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Hepatitis B Virus |
64 |
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
65 |
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Vaccines Targeting Non-communicable Diseases |
66 |
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Type I Diabetes |
66 |
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Atherosclerosis |
66 |
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Hypertension |
66 |
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Allergy |
67 |
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Prospective View |
67 |
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References |
70 |
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Chapter 4: Algae-Made Vaccines Targeting Animal Pathogens |
75 |
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Introduction |
75 |
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Algae-Based Vaccines |
76 |
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Classical Swine Fever Virus |
76 |
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White Spot Syndrome Virus |
77 |
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Taenia Solium |
78 |
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus |
79 |
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Porcine Circovirus |
80 |
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Prospective View |
80 |
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References |
83 |
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Chapter 5: Algae-Made Antibodies and Immunotoxins |
86 |
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Introduction |
86 |
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Current Developments on Algae-Made Antibodies and Immunotoxins |
88 |
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Large Single-Chain (lsc) Antibody Against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Glycoprotein D |
88 |
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Full-Length Antibodies Against the Anthrax Protective Antigen 83 |
91 |
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An Anti-hepatitis B Surface Protein Antibody Produced in Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
92 |
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Camelid Antibodies Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A (BoNT/A) |
93 |
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Immunotoxins Targeting CD22+ Cells |
94 |
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Prospective View |
97 |
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References |
100 |
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Chapter 6: Algae-Made Cytokines and Growth Factors |
103 |
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Introduction |
103 |
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Section I |
104 |
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Human Interferon ?1 |
104 |
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Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
106 |
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High Mobility Group Protein B1 |
107 |
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Section II |
108 |
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand |
108 |
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Produced in Dunaliella salina |
109 |
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C. reinhardtii Secreting VEGF for the Development of Photosynthetic Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering |
110 |
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Prospective View |
110 |
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References |
113 |
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Chapter 7: Other Biopharmaceuticals Produced in Algae |
117 |
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Introduction |
117 |
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Antimicrobial Peptides |
117 |
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Rabbit Neutrophil Peptide-1 |
117 |
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Lactoferricin |
118 |
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Fibronectin Domains |
119 |
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Soybean Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor |
121 |
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Hormones |
122 |
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Erythropoietin |
122 |
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Human Growth Hormone |
124 |
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Flounder Growth Hormone |
124 |
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Prospective View |
125 |
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References |
126 |
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Chapter 8: Algae-Made Nutraceuticals Produced Using Genetic Engineering Approaches |
129 |
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Introduction |
129 |
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Proteins |
130 |
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Bovine Milk Amyloid A Produced in C. reinhardtii |
130 |
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A Chimeric Protein Carrying Bioactive Peptides Produced in C. reinhardtii |
136 |
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Lipids |
137 |
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Carotenoids |
139 |
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Prospective View |
143 |
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References |
145 |
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Chapter 9: Perspectives for the Algae-Made Biopharmaceuticals Field |
150 |
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Introduction |
150 |
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Key Perspectives for the Field of Producing BFs in Microalgae |
151 |
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Optimizing Nuclear Expression |
151 |
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Implementing Glycoengineering Approaches |
153 |
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Exploring New Approaches for Oral Delivery |
156 |
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Optimizing Large-Scale Production in Bioreactors |
157 |
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Expanding the Group of Species Used as Hosts |
162 |
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Technology Transfer and Regulatory Approval |
163 |
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References |
165 |
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Index |
171 |
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