My Experience with Transition Management	6
	Contents	8
	Transition Management in and for Cities: Introducing a New Governance Approach to Address Urban Challenges	10
	Introduction	10
	How Has Transition Management Been Applied?	12
	Outline of the Book	23
	Part I: Introduction of Transition Thinking in Urban Context and Theoretical Grounds of Transition Management in and for Cities	24
	Part II: Applications of Transition Management in Cities	25
	Part III: What Transition Management Could Offer in Different Contexts	27
	Part IV: Reflecting on the Impacts of Transition Management in Cities	29
	What This Book Is About and How to Read It	29
	References and Further Readings	31
	Part I: Introduction of Transitions Thinking in Urban Context and Theoretical Grounds of Transition Management in and for Cities	50
	Understanding the Urban Context and Its Challenges	52
	Introduction	52
	Change and Its Challenges	54
	Sustainable Development	55
	Persistent Problems and System Failures	56
	The Urban Context	59
	Defining the Urban	59
	Urban Challenges	60
	Scopes of Urban Sustainability	62
	Governing the Urban	64
	Urban Governance for Sustainability	64
	References	68
	Introducing Sustainability Transitions´ Thinking in Urban Contexts	71
	Introducing Transitions to Sustainability	71
	What Are Transitions?	72
	Transitions Studies	74
	Core Principles	74
	Co-evolution	74
	Coordinated Emergence	75
	Evolutionary Revolution	75
	Key Conceptual Frameworks	77
	Multi-level Perspective	77
	Macro Level	78
	Meso Level	79
	Micro Level	79
	Inter-level Interaction	79
	Multi-phase Model	80
	Multi-path	81
	Power and Agency	82
	Approaches to Sustainability Transitions in the Urban Context	83
	Geographical Approach (Cities as Transition Spaces)	83
	Complexity Approach (Cities as `Convergence Hubs´)	84
	Governance Approach (Cities as Innovation Drivers)	84
	Cities as Transitionscapes to Discover Processes and Actions of Agents of Change	84
	Further Reading	85
	References	85
	Transition Management: Guiding Principles and Applications	88
	Influencing Transitions: The Transition Management Approach	88
	From Understanding to Acting for Sustainability Transitions in Cities	89
	Transition Management Basics	91
	Governance Principles	91
	Governance Framework	91
	Strategic	91
	Tactical	93
	Operational	93
	Reflexive	94
	Putting Transition Management into Practice	94
	Orienting	95
	Phase 1: Setting the Scene	98
	Phase 2: Exploring Local Dynamics	98
	Phase 3: Framing the Transition Challenge	100
	Phase 4: Envisioning a Sustainable City	101
	Agenda Setting	102
	Phase 5: Reconnecting Long-Term and Short-Term	102
	Phase 6: Engaging and Anchoring	103
	Activating	104
	Phase 7: Getting into Action	105
	Reflecting	105
	Transition Management in and for Cities	106
	References	107
	Urban Planning and Transition Management: Rationalities, Instruments and Dialectics	109
	Urban Planning: A Brief Introduction	109
	Evolving Rationalities of Urban Planning	112
	Rationalism in Urban Planning	112
	Incrementalism in Urban Planning	113
	Participation and Advocacy in Planning	114
	Collaborative Planning	115
	Strategic Planning	116
	Multi-level- and Metropolitan Governance	118
	Instruments of Urban Planning: Plans and Techniques	119
	Spatial Plans	119
	Sectoral and Thematic Plans	121
	Environmental Assessments	122
	Strategic Plans	123
	Dialectics of Urban Planning and Transition Management	124
	References	128
	Part II: Applications of Transition Management in Cities	132
	Empowering Actors in Transition Management in and for Cities	135
	Introduction	135
	Understanding Actors and Roles in Transition Management in and for Cities	138
	Practical Roles in Transition Management in Cities	139
	Transition Team	139
	Transition Arena	141
	Transition Network(s)	143
	Heuristics to Understand Actors and Roles in Transition Management in Cities	144
	The Multi-level Perspective	145
	A Multi-actor Perspective	146
	Roles of Societal Actors in Transition Management in Cities	150
	Role(s) of Local Policy Officers and the Local Government	150
	Role(s) of `Civil Society´	152
	Role(s) of Researchers	153
	(Dis)empowerment in Transition Management in Cities	154
	New Ties and Relationships	155
	(Re-)defining Roles and Responsibilities	155
	Intrinsic Motivation	156
	Conclusions	157
	References	158
	Starting Up Transition Management: A Closer View on the Systems Analysis and How It Initiated Transformative Thinking in Ghent...	163
	Introduction	164
	Systems Analysis Methodology	166
	Application of the Methodology	167
	Case Studies: Ghent and Aberdeen Cities	171
	Zooming In: Outcomes of the System Analysis in Ghent City	176
	Macro Level	177
	Landscape Influences	177
	Historical Sketch	177
	Meso Level	178
	Main Assets	178
	Dominant Culture, Structure and Practices	179
	Micro Level	179
	Identification of Niches	179
	Systems Analysis in the Transition Team	179
	Systems Analysis in the Transition Arena	180
	Discussion	181
	The Analysis of the History Inspired and Motivated Participants	182
	The Systems Analysis Broadened the Problem Perception, Which Was Considered Valuable by the Participants	183
	The Systems Analysis Revealed Institutional Barriers to Sustainable Development	183
	The Systems Analysis Served as a Catalyst for Mutual Understanding and Learning Between the Participants	185
	The Systems Analysis Falls Short in Creating a Sense of Urgency	185
	Lessons for Future Applications of Systems Analysis Within Transition Management in Cities	186
	Conclusions	187
	References	188
	Transition Management in Urban Neighbourhoods: The Case of Carnisse, Rotterdam, the Netherlands	190
	Introduction	190
	Methodology	192
	Arena Process	192
	Setting the Scene for Transition Management	193
	Exploring Local Dynamics: The System and Actor Analyses	195
	System Analysis	196
	Actor Analysis	197
	Framing the Transition Challenge	198
	Envisioning a Sustainable Neighbourhood	199
	Reconnecting Short/Long-Term	200
	Engaging and Anchoring	201
	Getting into Action	201
	Evaluation and Monitoring	203
	Results	203
	Conclusions	204
	Study Questions	206
	References	206
	A German Experience: The Challenges of Mediating `Ideal-Type´ Transition Management in Ludwigsburg	208
	Introduction	208
	Methodology	210
	Transition Management in Ludwigsburg: Process Implementation and Results	211
	Setting the Scene for Transition Management	212
	Exploring Local Dynamics: The System and Actor Analyses	213
	Framing the Transition Challenge	214
	Envisioning the Energy Transition in Ludwigsburg	215
	Reconnecting Short- and Long-Term	216
	Engaging and Anchoring	217
	Getting into Action	218
	Discussion: `Ideal-Type´ Transition Management in Context	219
	Allocating Time and Prioritising	219
	Differentiating the `Transition Approach´	220
	Embracing Complexity	222
	Overcoming Entrenched Role Relationships	223
	Conclusions	225
	References	226
	Transition Management for Local Sustainability: A Case Study from La Botija Protected Area, San Marcos de Colón, Honduras	228
	Introduction	228
	Case Context	229
	Methodology	230
	Transition Management Process in La Botija Protected Area	232
	Process Preparation and Setting	232
	Headings0003351268	232
	Exploration of the Local Context	232
	Adaptation of the Process to the Context and Design of Transition Management Workshop Series	233
	Transition Management Workshop Series and Results	234
	Workshop Series #1: Understanding the Context and What Creates Persistence	234
	Problem Structuring, Identifying Domains of Change and Local Opportunities	234
	Description of the Local Context Dynamics	235
	Connecting Environmental and Social Problems in La Botija Area	235
	Context Analysis	236
	Local Economy	236
	Under-Developed and Under-Invested Infrastructures	236
	Geophysical Conditions	238
	Environmental Problems	238
	Social Problems	239
	Institutional Problems	240
	Workshop Series #2: Co-creating a Vision and Guiding Principles	241
	Workshop Series #3: Formulating Transition Pathways and a Strategic Transition Agenda	242
	Cross-Cutting Workshops	252
	Discussion	252
	Understanding and Reflecting on the Interconnectedness of Problems and the Value of Ecosystem Services	252
	Giving Voice to Individual and Collective Desires and Ambitions	253
	Identification of Knowledge and Learning Needs to Solve Local Problems	253
	Creating New Collaborations and Transition Initiatives	254
	Realisation of Transition Agenda Post-Workshops and Cross-Cutting Workshops	255
	Conclusions	256
	References	257
	Part III: What Transition Management Could Offer in Different Contexts	259
	Translating Transitions Thinking and Transition Management into the City Planning World	262
	Introduction	262
	Planning Systems and Reform	265
	City Planning and Urban Sustainability Governance	265
	The Sydney Planning System Reform Project	265
	Transitions Thinking, Planning and the SPSR Project	266
	Translation Problems in Initial Attempts	266
	Mainstream Planning Scholarship and System Reform	266
	Beyond the Mainstream: Relational-Institutional Planning Thought	267
	What´s Still Missing: And How Transition Management Can Help	268
	Translating Transitions Ideas into the City Planning World	268
	Conceptualising a Means of Translation	268
	Taking the Logic into the World of Practice with Interviews	269
	Towards a Planning System ``Transition´´ Framework	271
	PST Framework Meets the Sydney Planning System Reform Project	272
	Horizon 1: Intention	272
	``Intention´´ Under the PST Framework: Sustainable Urban Settlement	272
	``Intention´´ Driving the SPSR Project: Comparative Analysis	273
	Horizon 2: Understanding	275
	``Understanding´´ Under the PST Framework: Alertness to Complexity	275
	``Understanding´´ Driving the SPSR Project: Comparative Analysis	275
	Horizon 3: Action	278
	``Action´´ Under the PST Framework: ``Transition Management´´ but in Context	278
	``Action´´ Driving the SPSR Project: Comparative Analysis	281
	Concluding Remarks	282
	References	284
	Transition Management in Urban China: Co-creation of New Homes or a Monopoly Game?	287
	Introduction	287
	Envisioning the Urban Future: Enacting or Reacting to Changes?	289
	State Visions for Future Cities	290
	Disequilibria for Transitions: Unrests and Emergencies in Urban China	292
	Disequilibrium 1: Environmental Emergencies	292
	Disequilibrium 2: Unlocking the Censorship	293
	Disequilibrium 3: Environmental Protests	294
	The Weakening of State-Imposed Visions of Urban Sustainability in China	298
	Experimenting with Urban Visions in Shenzhen: Adapting Changes	299
	Experiment 1: Compromised `Social Management´	299
	Experiment 2: Co-opting for Urban Niches	302
	Conclusion: Disequilibria, Diversity and Participation in Transitions	305
	References	308
	A Transition Management Approach for Shrinking Cities in the United States	310
	Introduction	310
	Cleveland, Ohio: Past and Present	311
	Transitions in Shrinking Cities	313
	How Can Transition Management Approach Help Shrinking Cities to Better Manage Periods of Transition?	315
	Complementarity: Planning Approaches That Relate to Transition Management	317
	Limitations of Transition Management in a United States Context	321
	Conclusion	323
	References	323
	Context-Driven Transition Management as a Necessary Vehicle for Sustainable Urban Futures in Suriname	325
	Introduction	326
	Developments and Trends in Suriname´s Urban Environment	326
	Main Conditions for the Development of New Urban Settlements	329
	An Evidence-Substantiated Vision of Possible New Urban Settlements in Suriname	330
	Tapajai Hydropower Project	330
	Brokopondo Tourism Project	331
	Aerodrome Atjoni	332
	Urbanization of Brownsweg and Atjoni	333
	Road Through Drietabbetje to French-Guyana	334
	Paranam Industrial and Commercial Project	334
	Urbanization of Paranam-Overwacht-Zanderij	336
	Urbanization of Groningen and Moengo	336
	Recognizing Path Dependent Trajectories and Paradigms	336
	Context-Driven Transition Management as a Tool to Engage in the Creation of New Urban Settlements	337
	Conclusions	344
	References	345
	Urban Transition Management as a Democratic Practice? The Case of Rotterdam´s Waterfront Regeneration	347
	Introduction	347
	Transition Management and Its Democratic Aspects: Towards a Conceptual Framework	349
	Cities as Sites to Grasp Democratic Transition Management	350
	Insights from Critical Urban Research	351
	A Democratic Transition Management Framework	352
	The Case: Making Rotterdam´s Waterfront Sustainable	354
	Imagining a Sustainable Waterfront	356
	The Floating Communities Strategy: A Blue Revolution	358
	Case Reflection: Democratic Waterfront Regeneration?	362
	Urban Transition Strategy and Democratic Aspects	363
	Urban Transition Tactics and Democratic Aspects	363
	Urban Transition Operations and Democratic Aspects	364
	Urban Transition Reflections and Democratic Aspects	364
	Conclusions	365
	Interviews	367
	References	367
	Part IV: Reflecting on the Impacts of Transition Management in Cities	370
	So What? Transition Management as a Transformative Approach to Support Governance Capacities in Cities	371
	Introduction	371
	Transition Management in Different Contexts: The Cases Presented in This Book	374
	Transition Management to Support Transformative Capacities for Disruptive Innovation	377
	Enabling Novelty Creation	377
	Increasing the Visibility of Novelties	379
	Anchoring Novelty in Context	380
	Transition Management to Support Orchestrating Capacities for Coordinated Self-Organisation	382
	Strategic Alignment of Actors and Networks	382
	Mediating Knowledge and Resources	385
	Creating Opportunity Contexts for Synergies	387
	Concluding Remarks: Lessons for Transition Management as `Transformative´ Governance Approach in Cities	388
	References	390
	Appendix: Exercises and Exam Questions for Lecturers Using This Book	393
	Introduction	393
	Questions to Make Lectures Interactive	394
	Exam Questions	394
	Exam Exercises	398
	Transition Management and Complexity	398
	System Analysis	399
	Exercise 1	399
	Exercise 2	399
	Identifying Persistent Problems	400
	Actor Analysis	400
	The Role of the Frontrunners	401
	Organisation of a Transition Arena	402
	Envisioning	405
	Backcasting	406
	Interactive Exercises and Group Assignments	406
	A `Quick and Dirty´ Transition Management Workshop Experience	406
	Strategic Niche Management (SNM)	407
	Strategic Niche Management (SNM)	411
	Multi-level Perspective (MLP)	412
	Identification of Frontrunners	413
	Formulate a Regional Challenge	415
	Actor Analysis	416
	Actor, Network or Stakeholder Analyses	418
	Multi-actor Roles in Transitions	419
	Backcasting Transition Scenarios	421