Dedication	6
	Preface	7
	Acknowledgements	9
	Contents	19
	The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Action: Charting the 28 Case Studies	22
	About the Editors	25
	Acronyms	27
	Part I: Overview	34
	Chapter 1: Reshaping Urban Conservation	35
	1.1 Culture and the New Urban Conservation Paradigm	35
	1.2 The Historic Urban Landscape: A Bottom-Up Approach to Urban Conservation	37
	1.3 The Reasons for a New Urban Conservation Approach	38
	1.4 Historic Urban Landscape: From Material to Social Expression	39
	1.5 Urban Conservation and Sustainable Development	45
	1.6 The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the New Urban Agenda	48
	1.7 The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the International Policy Framework	51
	References	51
	Chapter 2: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Action: Eight Years Later	53
	2.1 From Reality to Theory	53
	2.2 From Theory to Supranational Governance	56
	2.3 From Supranational Governance to Practices	57
	2.4 From Practices to Theory	68
	2.4.1 The Six-Step HUL Approach	72
	2.4.2 The Tools	75
	2.4.2.1 HUL Tools	75
	2.4.3 The Stakeholders	78
	2.4.3.1 Types of Stakeholders	78
	2.5 From Theory to Reality	81
	References	82
	Part II: Case Studies on the Historic Urban Landscape Approach	87
	Chapter 3: Rebuilding and Reconciliation in Old Aleppo: The Historic Urban Landscape Perspectives	88
	3.1 Introduction	88
	3.2 Aleppo World Heritage Site: A Brief History	89
	3.3 World Heritage Designation Values	90
	3.4 Destruction of Aleppo	92
	3.5 Heritage Policy Documents	93
	3.6 Old Aleppo as a Historic Urban Landscape Site	95
	3.6.1 Old Aleppo and the Values of Heritage	95
	3.6.1.1 Outstanding Universal Value	97
	3.6.1.2 Authenticity and Integrity Values	97
	3.6.1.3 Cultural and Social Values	98
	3.6.1.4 Intangible Heritage and Values	99
	3.6.1.5 Historic and Identity Values	99
	3.6.1.6 Economic Values	100
	3.7 Applying the Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape: Post-conflict Reconciliation	100
	3.7.1 Zone X1	101
	3.7.2 Zone X2	102
	3.7.3 Zone X3	103
	3.8 Conclusions	105
	References	106
	Chapter 4: Amaravathi Heritage Town – Reflections on the Historic Cultural Landscape Approach	109
	4.1 Introduction	109
	4.2 Conceptual Framework	111
	4.3 Amaravathi Heritage Town	112
	4.4 Conclusion	118
	References	119
	Chapter 5: Toward a Special Management and Protection Plan of Urban Heritage in Ambalema, Colombia	121
	5.1 Introduction	122
	5.2 Special Management and Protection Plan (PEMP): Beyond Managing “Historic City Centers”	124
	5.3 Ambalema’s Landscape: Between the River and the Snow Peaks	125
	5.4 Identifying Heritage Values: A Holistic and Participative Within the HUL Framework	128
	5.4.1 Citizen Engagement Strategy	128
	5.4.2 Team Composition and Assessing Ambalema’s Heritage Values and Resources	133
	5.4.3 Processing and Analyzing Information	133
	5.5 Assessing the Vulnerability Status of Urban Heritage Values	134
	5.5.1 Problem Tree Analysis for Ambalema	134
	5.5.2 Identifying the Central Problem	134
	5.6 Developing Policies and Actions	136
	5.7 Conclusion	138
	References	138
	Chapter 6: Integrating Policy: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Amsterdam	140
	6.1 Introduction: HUL as a Landscape Approach	141
	6.2 Analysing Policy Practices: An Approach	142
	6.3 HUL: Process in Practice, Practice in Process	143
	6.4 The Heritage Concept in Practice	144
	6.5 Participation in Heritage	145
	6.6 HUL and the Integration of Urban and Heritage Policies	146
	6.7 Reflecting On, and Learning With	148
	References	150
	Chapter 7: The Transformational Power of the HUL Approach: Lessons from Ballarat, Australia, 2012–2017	152
	7.1 Introduction	152
	7.1.1 Heritage Practice in Australia	155
	7.1.2 Heritage Practice in Ballarat	157
	7.2 Transforming Practice in Ballarat	159
	7.2.1 Starting to Work with HUL	159
	7.2.2 Actioning the HUL	160
	7.2.2.1 Step 1: A New World of Knowledge	163
	7.2.2.2 Step 2: Inclusion, Collaboration and Participation	164
	7.2.2.3 Step 3: Sustainability and Vulnerability	166
	7.2.2.4 Step 4: The Virtuous Cycle – Framework for City Development	169
	7.2.2.5 Step 5: Setting Priorities	171
	7.2.2.6 Step 6: Working with Partners, Building Capacity	172
	7.3 Reflections on Building a New Practice Model	173
	References	175
	Chapter 8: Managing Urban Heterogeneity: A Budapest Case Study of Historical Urban Landscape	178
	8.1 Introduction	179
	8.2 Józsefváros, the Eighth District of Budapest	181
	8.3 Applying the HUL Approach	184
	8.4 Contemporary Urban and Architectural Interventions	186
	8.4.1 Palace Quarter	186
	8.4.2 The Magdolna Quarter	190
	8.5 Conclusion	194
	References	194
	Chapter 9: Bukhara: A Living Central Asian Silk Roads City. Application of the Historic Urban Landscape Approach	196
	9.1 Introduction	197
	9.2 Bukhara as World Heritage	198
	9.2.1 Current Issues and Challenges	198
	9.3 The Historic Urban Landscape Process	200
	9.3.1 HUL Applied in Bukhara	200
	9.3.2 Development Defined	207
	9.4 Economic Assessment	208
	9.5 Conservation Approach	210
	9.6 Conclusion	213
	References	214
	Chapter 10: City as Evolving Process: Case for the Historic Urban Landscape Approach for Canberra	216
	10.1 Introduction	217
	10.2 The Canberra Context	218
	10.3 Governance	221
	10.4 Why Canberra Needs and Deserves the HUL Approach	225
	10.4.1 Manuka Oval, Griffith (Fig. 10.4 site A)	225
	10.4.2 City to the Lake (Fig. 10.4 site B)	227
	10.4.3 Northbourne Avenue Corridor (Fig. 10.4 site C)	229
	10.5 National Heritage Listing	229
	10.6 The HUL Approach	231
	10.7 Conclusion	233
	References	234
	Chapter 11: The HUL Approach to Create Heritage Management Tools in the Latin American City of Cuenca-Ecuador	236
	11.1 Introduction	237
	11.2 The HUL Approach in Practice	238
	11.3 Learning and Reflections	242
	11.4 Project Impact: Social, Governmental and Research Impact	246
	11.5 Current State and Future Directions	248
	References	250
	Chapter 12: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Edinburgh’s Old and New Towns: Implementation of Projects on the Ground in a Living Capital City	252
	12.1 Introduction	252
	12.2 The Evolution of the Approach in Edinburgh	253
	12.3 Edinburgh World Heritage’s Approach	254
	12.4 The Conservation Funding Programme	255
	12.5 World Heritage Projects Programme	256
	12.6 Learning Programmes	257
	12.7 Energy Efficiency	258
	12.8 Future Directions	259
	12.9 Further Strengths and Weaknesses	260
	References	262
	Chapter 13: Havana: From the Walled City to a Historic Urban Landscape	263
	13.1 The City and Its History	263
	13.2 The Beginning of the Project, 1981–1993	265
	13.3 The New Management Model	266
	13.3.1 1994–1999: Heritage: A Cultural Asset Turned into an Economic Resource	267
	13.3.2 2000–2004: Focusing on Social Affairs	269
	13.3.3 2005–2009: Reflecting on the Practice	270
	13.3.4 2010–2014: New Instruments and Stakeholders	271
	13.4 The New Scene	273
	13.4.1 A New Vision for the Heritage Site	274
	13.4.2 New Territory, New Urban Approach	276
	13.5 Conclusion	277
	References	277
	Chapter 14: The Implementation of the Historic Urban Landscape of the Island of Mozambique	279
	14.1 Introduction	280
	14.2 Geographical, Historical, and Urban Setting	281
	14.2.1 Geographical Setting	281
	14.2.2 Archaeological and Historical Background	282
	14.2.3 Urban Expansion	286
	14.3 Island of Mozambique: World Heritage	286
	14.3.1 The UNESCO Listing	286
	14.3.2 Measures Following the Listing	287
	14.3.3 The 2007 Action Plan	288
	14.4 Historic Urban Landscape Approach	289
	14.4.1 Application of HUL to the Island of Mozambique	289
	14.4.2 A New Heritage Management Plan	289
	14.4.3 Learning from the Application of the HUL	290
	14.4.3.1 Lesson 1	290
	14.4.3.2 Lesson 2	292
	14.4.3.3 Lesson 3	293
	14.5 Partnerships on Conservation	294
	14.5.1 Public-Private Partnership	294
	14.5.2 Coordination Between Local Stakeholders and UNESCO	294
	14.5.3 Partnerships Between National and Foreign Institutions for Technical Assistance	295
	14.5.4 The Role of the Private Sector	297
	14.6 Concluding Remarks	300
	References	301
	Further Readings	303
	Chapter 15: Urban Heritage Conservation and Management in Jaipur	305
	15.1 Introduction	306
	15.2 Historic and Geographic Context	306
	15.3 Planning of the City	307
	15.4 Walled City as a Living Heritage	312
	15.5 Protection and Management Initiatives	314
	15.5.1 Urban Renewal for Walled City of Jaipur (2009–2014)	315
	15.5.2 Revitalization of Heritage Walk	318
	15.5.3 The Built Heritage Management Plan, Jaipur (2007)	319
	15.5.4 Jaipur Master Plan 2025	320
	15.5.5 Architectural Control Guidelines for the Walled City	320
	15.5.6 Jantar Mantar Management Plan (2010)	320
	15.5.7 Jaipur Smart City Plan 2016	321
	15.6 Conclusion	322
	Bibliography	323
	Chapter 16: Roadmap for Implementation of the HUL Approach in Kuwait City	325
	16.1 Introduction	325
	16.2 Case Study Description	326
	16.2.1 Layers of the City	326
	16.2.2 Cultural Heritage	328
	16.2.3 Management of Change	330
	16.3 Challenges for the HUL Approach	332
	16.3.1 Urban Planning	332
	16.3.2 New Development	332
	16.3.3 Unfamiliar Terminology	334
	16.4 Opportunities for the HUL Approach	335
	16.4.1 Compatible Contemporary Interventions	335
	16.4.2 Theoretical Model and HUL Toolkit	335
	16.4.3 Six-Step HUL Action Plan	336
	16.5 Conclusion	338
	References	338
	Further Readings	340
	Chapter 17: Case Study: Lamu Old Town	341
	17.1 Introduction	342
	17.1.1 Background	342
	17.1.2 Conservation of the Town	343
	17.1.3 Current Urban Functions and Problems Encountered in Implementing the Urban Scheme	343
	17.2 Identifying Development Challenges in Lamu and Previous Intervention Strategies	346
	17.2.1 Recommendations of the Intergovernmental Working Party	346
	17.2.2 Lamu Workshop: Conservation of Historic Towns and Monuments	347
	17.2.3 Previous Intervention Strategies	348
	17.3 Lamu and the Historic Urban Landscape Approach	348
	17.3.1 Post Lamu HUL Workshop: Mapping Exercise	350
	17.4 Implications of HUL Application and Integrating the Approach	351
	17.4.1 Integrating HUL into Planning and Development Processes of the Lamu County Spacial Plan	352
	17.4.2 Upgrading of Social Infrastructure	353
	17.5 Conclusion	353
	References	355
	Chapter 18: Conservation and Exploitation: Governance and Sustainability Issues: The Case of Lijiang	356
	18.1 Introduction	356
	18.2 Preservation vs Exploitation and the Issue of Governance	357
	18.3 Lijiang Case (Or Cases)	358
	18.3.1 Conservation and Exploitation in Dayan	359
	18.3.2 Outsourcing to a Private Developer: Conservation and Exploitation in Shuhe	363
	18.4 Discussion	364
	18.5 Concluding Remarks	365
	References	366
	Chapter 19: Managing the Global Heritage City of Mexico City: Adapting the HUL Approach to the Globalised Urban Context	368
	19.1 Introduction: Global Heritage Cities	369
	19.2 Mexico City in Context: Complexities, Framework and Governance	371
	19.2.1 The Site	371
	19.2.2 Planning and Legislative Frameworks	373
	19.2.3 Governance and Decision-Making	373
	19.3 Normative Tools for HUL Adaptation	377
	19.3.1 The Integral Management Plan	377
	19.3.2 The Partnership Models, Community Engagement and Consensus Building	378
	19.4 Conclusion	380
	References	382
	Chapter 20: At the Confluence of Geography, Society and History: Montreal and the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape	384
	20.1 Introduction	385
	20.2 The Case of Montreal	385
	20.3 Some Pre-2011 HUL Occurrences in Montreal	386
	20.4 1984: Protected Views or Cultural Landscape?	387
	20.5 1992: The Plan d’urbanisme and the Form of the City	388
	20.6 1995: Heritage and the Metropolitan Landscape	389
	20.7 2006: Vienna Memorandum	389
	20.8 Specific Mentions of the 2011 UNESCO Recommendations in Montreal	390
	20.9 Mont Royal: La Montagne	390
	20.10 Conclusion	391
	Note on the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation and the 2017 situation in Montreal	392
	Chapter 21: Urban Heritage Conservation in the Historic Site of Olinda, Brazil: 1968–2016	398
	21.1 Introduction	399
	21.2 The Occupation of the City and the Historic Site	400
	21.3 The Conservation Planning and Management System	400
	21.3.1 The Formation: 1968–1988	400
	21.3.2 The Transition: 1989–1996	401
	21.3.3 The Master Plans, Urban Development Projects, and the Incentive to Culture: 1997–2016	407
	21.4 Conclusions	411
	References	412
	Chapter 22: Revitalizing Urban Parks to Uplift a Rust Belt City: HUL Applied to Pittsburgh, PA, USA	414
	22.1 Introduction	415
	22.1.1 HUL Urban Public Space Context	415
	22.2 Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy	416
	22.3 PPC HUL Civic Engagement Application	418
	22.4 PPC HUL Knowledge and Planning Application	420
	22.5 PPC HUL Regulatory Systems Application	421
	22.6 PPC HUL Financial Tools Application	423
	22.7 PPC and Partners Applying HUL Tools Towards Urban Sustainability	425
	References	427
	Chapter 23: Perspectives for a Historic Urban Landscape Approach in Porto, Portugal	429
	23.1 Introduction	429
	23.2 The Case Study of Porto	431
	23.2.1 Porto: A Metropolitan Area, a City and a WH Historic Centre	431
	23.2.2 A Mosaic Management	433
	23.3 Methodology	435
	23.4 Perspectives on the Implementation of HUL Steps in Porto	436
	23.4.1 Understanding the Context	436
	23.4.1.1 Mapping Natural, Cultural and Human Resources	437
	23.4.1.2 Reach Consensus on What to Protect: Values and Attributes	439
	23.4.1.3 Assess Vulnerability to Change and Development	441
	23.4.2 Integration in the Wider Urban Framework	443
	23.4.3 Managing Action	444
	23.5 Conclusion and Recommendations	445
	References	446
	Chapter 24: Rabat, Morocco: Sustaining the Historic Urban Landscape of Rabat: Strategies and Implementation	448
	24.1 Introduction	449
	24.2 A City–Landscape Evolution: Historical Background	450
	24.2.1 Almohad Period: The Genesis of a Capital	450
	24.2.2 Marinid Period: Fragmentation and the Rise of Salé	451
	24.2.3 Saadian Dynasty: Bouregreg’s Republic and the Rise of Oudaya	451
	24.2.4 Alaouite Dynasty: Unification and Harmonization of Landscape	452
	24.3 Colonial Period: A Shift of Urban Heritage Paradigm	452
	24.4 Contemporary Rabat: Current Sustainable Strategies	453
	24.4.1 Territorial Level	454
	24.4.2 Urban Level	454
	24.4.3 Sustainability Implementation	455
	24.5 Applying the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape	455
	24.6 Conclusion	457
	Bibliography	458
	Further Reading	458
	Chapter 25: Heritage-Based Urban Development: The Example of Regensburg	459
	25.1 Introduction	460
	25.2 Survey and Mapping	460
	25.3 Actions and Priorities	464
	25.3.1 Field of Action: Tangible Cultural Heritage	465
	25.3.2 Field of Action: Economic Development	466
	25.3.3 Field of Action: Awareness Raising and Research	468
	25.4 Civic Engagement Tools	469
	25.4.1 Civic Participation Model of Regensburg	469
	25.4.2 Expert Consultancy	471
	25.4.3 Participation Practices	472
	25.4.3.1 Site Management Plan and Citizen Participation	472
	25.4.3.2 Civic Participation Practice in Field: Renovation of the Central Pedestrian Zone	474
	25.4.3.3 Specific Issue: Vulnerability Assessment	474
	25.5 Networking	476
	25.6 Conclusion	478
	References	479
	Chapter 26: Enhancing Rural-Urban Linkages Through the Historic Urban Landscape Approach: The Case of Shuang Wan Cun in the Jiangsu Province	482
	26.1 Introduction	483
	26.2 Suzhou and Its Region: Historical Overview	484
	26.2.1 Industrial Innovation and Urban Conservation	485
	26.2.2 Suzhou Peri-urbanity: Diversity and Dynamics	488
	26.2.3 Peri-urbanity: Challenges and Opportunities	489
	26.3 Report from Shuang Wan Cun Case Study	490
	26.4 Discussion and Conclusion	493
	References	494
	Chapter 27: Actual and Intangible in Tel Aviv: A Reexamination of Conservation Strategies in a Modern City	496
	27.1 Introduction	497
	27.2 White City: A Modern City	497
	27.3 The Dialects of Tangible and Intangible	498
	27.4 The White City Center at Liebling House	500
	27.4.1 Research	500
	27.4.2 Culture	501
	27.4.3 Education	502
	27.4.4 Site Management	502
	27.5 Case Studies	503
	27.6 Summary and Conclusion	505
	References	505
	Chapter 28: The Circular Economy as a Model to Implement the Historic Urban Landscape Approach: Which Integrated Evaluation Method?	506
	28.1 Introduction	507
	28.2 The Heritage Impact Assessment to Evaluate the Torre Annunziata Waterfront Requalification Project	509
	28.2.1 The Case Study	509
	28.2.2 Heritage Impact Assessment and the Participative Method	517
	28.3 The Circular Economy as a Tool to Implement the HUL Approach	523
	28.3.1 A Circular Project for the Requalification of Torre Annunziata Waterfront	523
	28.4 Conclusion and Recommendation	531
	References	532
	Chapter 29: Operationalizing the HUL Recommendation in Urban River Corridors: Challenges and Perspectives	534
	29.1 Introduction	534
	29.2 River Corridors as Historic Urban Landscapes	536
	29.3 Methodology	537
	29.4 Study Area	538
	29.5 A Double-Lens Approach to HUL Documentation	539
	29.5.1 A Combined Morphological/Ecological Approach	540
	29.5.2 Cultural Values Associated with Urban River Corridors	541
	29.6 Urban Heritage Policies and Management	542
	29.7 A SWOT Analysis for HUL Operationalization	546
	29.8 Conclusion	548
	References	548
	Chapter 30: Zanzibar: The HUL Approach Explored	551
	30.1 The Islands of Zanzibar: Background	551
	30.2 World Heritage and the Evolving Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation	555
	30.3 The New Zanzibar Planning Process and the HUL Approach	556
	30.4 Applying the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape: Integrative Development Strategies	559
	30.5 Lessons from Zanzibar and the Way Forward	562
	References	565
	Case Study Boxes: Full Text	566
	1. Applying the Recommendations on Historic Urban Landscape: Post-conflict Reconciliation in Old Aleppo	566
	2. Understanding to What Extent the HUL Approach Is Present in Amsterdam’s Local Urban and Heritage Policies	567
	3. Overarching Urban Planning Guidelines for the Historic Perimeter of Asmara	567
	4. Historic Urban Landscape: Ballarat	568
	5. Centro Cultural Kirchner (CCK)	568
	6. Mapping the Historic Centre of Bukhara	569
	7. HUL in Historic Cairo: A Potential Community Initiative	570
	8. Reassessment of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of the City of Cuenca Based on Strategies for Sustainable Development Supported by the Recommendation on Historical Urban Landscape	570
	9. Mapping Economic Landscape for the UNESCO World Heritage City Old Towns of Djenné	571
	10. Sense of Place: Toward Integrated Conservation and Sustainable Urban	572
	11. University of Pennsylvania Planning Praxis Course: How Do the HUL, Sustainable Development Goals, and New Urban Agenda Fit into a Local Planning Framework	572
	12. Urban Rehabilitation of the Historic Centre of Havana, World Heritage Site	573
	13. Living Human Treasures of Grand Bazaar: Istanbul Jewelry Making as an Intangible Urban Activity	573
	14. Jaipur Built Heritage Management Plan and Urban Conservation Projects	574
	15. The Revitalization of the Historic City of Jeddah	575
	16. olomna: Cultural Memory as a Resource for Developing a Historic City	575
	17. Possible Project: HUL+KMP4	576
	18. Integrating HUL into the Conservation and Development Processes of the Lamu Old Town	576
	19. Not a Formal Project on HUL: Simply Practices Associated with the Management of the UNESCO Site of Lijiang, China (Listed in 1997)	577
	20. Urban Heritage of the Mediterranean: Interdisciplinary Methodologies for the Characterization of the Infrastructural Axis of the Andalusian Littoral and Its Synergies with HUL Recommendations	577
	21. Mexico City Historic Center Recovery and Rehabilitation Programs	578
	22. Mudurnu Cultural Heritage Site Management Plan: Phase I	579
	23. Adopting HUL Toolkits in Muharraq: The Bahrain Authority for Culture and Archeology (BACA)	580
	24. Preservation and Conservation of the Historic Site of Olinda	580
	25. Porto Municipal Master Plan (PDM)	581
	26. Historic Preservation Toolkit	582
	27. Preparatory Assistance and Technical Support for the Inscription, Conservation and Management of the Île De Saint-Louis, Senegal	582
	28. Scenarios for Sustainable Rural Development in Shuang Wan Cun, Wujiang District, Suzhou	583
	29. Reconstruction of World Heritage Mausoleums of Timbuktu	584
	30. Pompeii Great Project: The Buffer Zone Regeneration	584
	31. Technical Cooperation for the Enhancement, Development, and Protection of the Town of Luang Prabang, Lao People’s Democratic Republic	585
	32. Project Proposal: The Revitalization of the Abu Ali River	587
	Index	588