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Preface |
5 |
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Contents |
7 |
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Notes on Contributors |
11 |
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List of Figures |
19 |
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List of Tables |
22 |
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List of Boxes |
23 |
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Part I Media Policy Research |
25 |
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1 Introduction: Media Policy and Media Policy Research |
26 |
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The Subject: Media and Communication Policy |
26 |
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Media Policy, Regulation and Governance |
27 |
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What Is Peculiar About Media Policy? |
31 |
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The Research Field: Media and Communication Policy Research |
32 |
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A Definition of Media Policy Research |
33 |
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History and Development of Media Policy Research |
34 |
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Misconceptions of Media Policy Research |
35 |
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Evidence-Based Policy-Making and Its Limitations |
36 |
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Conclusion |
38 |
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References |
39 |
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2 Doing Media Policy Research |
45 |
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Planning |
46 |
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Topic, Research Question and Problem |
47 |
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Theory and State of Research |
48 |
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Refining Research Questions and Developing (Hypo-)Theses |
48 |
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Research Design |
49 |
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Choosing Methods of Data Collection and Analysis |
49 |
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Determining the Population and Sampling |
51 |
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Research Plan |
52 |
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Executing |
53 |
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Operationalization |
53 |
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|
Data Collection |
54 |
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Data Preparation |
57 |
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|
Data Analysis |
57 |
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|
Reporting |
60 |
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Writing a Research Report |
60 |
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Publications and Presentations |
61 |
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Reaching Out |
62 |
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Thinking About Ethics |
63 |
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Conclusion |
66 |
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References |
68 |
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3 Digitization and Media Policy Research |
72 |
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Introduction |
72 |
|
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Main Focus of Media Policy Research |
74 |
|
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A Focus on ‘Old’ and ‘New’ |
74 |
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|
Focus on Formal Government Policies |
75 |
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Focus on Traditional Methods |
76 |
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Digitization of Media Policy Research |
78 |
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Digitizing Existing Methods |
78 |
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Digitally Native Methods |
79 |
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Participative Methods |
81 |
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Conclusion |
83 |
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References |
84 |
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Part II Research Design |
89 |
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4 Case Study Research |
90 |
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Introduction |
90 |
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Case Study Basics |
91 |
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Pros, Cons and Implications |
92 |
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How to Design and Conduct Case Study Research |
95 |
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Literature Review |
96 |
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Case Selection |
96 |
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Refining Research Questions |
97 |
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Selecting Methods |
98 |
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Data Analysis |
100 |
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Conclusion |
102 |
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References |
102 |
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5 Comparative Research |
104 |
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Introduction: Definition and Basic Rationale |
104 |
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Reasons for Comparison |
107 |
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Types of Studies |
109 |
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Comparative Case Study Analysis |
109 |
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Small-N Comparative Analysis |
110 |
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Large-N Comparative Analysis |
112 |
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Data Analysis Procedures: Quantitative and Qualitative Comparative Analysis |
112 |
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Handling Intercultural Differences in Multinational Projects |
113 |
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|
Avoiding Construct Bias |
114 |
|
|
Avoiding Measurement Bias |
115 |
|
|
Avoiding Instrument Bias |
115 |
|
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Avoiding Sampling Bias |
116 |
|
|
Dealing with the Effects of Globalization |
117 |
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Outlook |
118 |
|
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References |
118 |
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6 Meta-Analysis |
121 |
|
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Introduction |
121 |
|
|
From Narrative Literature Reviews to Meta-Analytic Reviews |
122 |
|
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Why Meta-Analytic Literature Reviews? |
122 |
|
|
What Is a Meta-Analytic Literature Review? |
123 |
|
|
Strengths, Achievements and Limits of Meta-Analytic Reviews |
125 |
|
|
Five Steps Toward a Meta-Analytic Review |
126 |
|
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A Meta-Analytical Case Study |
128 |
|
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The Sample |
129 |
|
|
The Working Hypotheses and the Research Questions |
129 |
|
|
Some Findings of the Meta-Analytic Review |
130 |
|
|
Some Conclusions |
134 |
|
|
Summary and Conclusions |
134 |
|
|
References |
135 |
|
|
7 Action Research |
138 |
|
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Introduction |
138 |
|
|
Definition |
139 |
|
|
Pros and Cons of the Method |
139 |
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‘How to’ Guide: Using an Action Research Approach to Media Policy Research |
140 |
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Steps in the Action Research Cycle |
144 |
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Identifying Key Concerns and Research Questions |
144 |
|
|
Planning the Action |
144 |
|
|
Taking Action |
145 |
|
|
Observing |
145 |
|
|
Reflecting |
146 |
|
|
Case Study 1: Digital Media Services in Other Industry Sectors |
146 |
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|
Identifying Key Concerns and Research Questions |
146 |
|
|
Planning the Action |
147 |
|
|
Taking Action |
148 |
|
|
Observing |
148 |
|
|
Reflecting |
150 |
|
|
Case Study 2: Action Research for Hyperlocal Audience Analytics |
150 |
|
|
Identifying Key Concerns and Research Questions |
150 |
|
|
Planning the Action |
151 |
|
|
Taking Action |
152 |
|
|
Observing |
153 |
|
|
Reflecting |
154 |
|
|
Chapter Conclusion |
154 |
|
|
References |
155 |
|
|
Part III Methods of Data Collection |
157 |
|
|
8 Talking to People I: Surveys |
158 |
|
|
Why Use Surveys in Media Policy Research? |
158 |
|
|
Critical Analysis of Pros and Cons |
159 |
|
|
How to Design a Survey |
161 |
|
|
Defining the Relevant Population |
161 |
|
|
Sampling |
162 |
|
|
Comparative Designs |
163 |
|
|
Conducting the Survey |
163 |
|
|
Questionnaire |
164 |
|
|
Data Analysis and Presentation |
165 |
|
|
Presentation of Findings |
166 |
|
|
Two Case Studies |
166 |
|
|
Reuters Institute Digital News Report |
167 |
|
|
Methodology |
167 |
|
|
Relevance for Media Policy Research |
168 |
|
|
EU Kids Online |
168 |
|
|
Methodology |
169 |
|
|
Relevance for Media Policy Research |
169 |
|
|
Conclusion |
171 |
|
|
References |
172 |
|
|
9 Talking to People II: Qualitative Interviews |
176 |
|
|
Introduction |
176 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
177 |
|
|
Qualitative Research of Media Audiences |
178 |
|
|
Possible Contribution of Interviews to Media Policy Research |
178 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Method |
179 |
|
|
What Is in Focus in Qualitative Research Projects Based on Interviews? |
179 |
|
|
Implications for Research Approach |
180 |
|
|
Methodological Principles |
180 |
|
|
The Question of Validity, and Its Relationship to ‘Good Policy Evidence’ |
184 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting |
184 |
|
|
Step 1: Theoretical Considerations and the Role of Sensitizing Concepts |
185 |
|
|
Step 2: Research Design |
186 |
|
|
Step 3: Sampling |
186 |
|
|
Step 4: Formulating Questions and Developing the Interview Guide |
186 |
|
|
Step 5: Preparing, Conducting and Transcribing the Interviews |
187 |
|
|
Step 6: Data Analysis |
187 |
|
|
Step 7: Reflection on Limitations of the Method Employed |
188 |
|
|
Step 8: Translating Evidence into Policy |
188 |
|
|
Conclusions |
189 |
|
|
References |
191 |
|
|
10 Talking to People III: Expert Interviews and Elite Interviews |
193 |
|
|
Introduction |
193 |
|
|
Definition: Expert Versus Elite Interviews |
194 |
|
|
Critical Assessment: Types of Expert and Elite Interviews |
196 |
|
|
Procedure |
201 |
|
|
Theoretical Background and Literature Review |
202 |
|
|
Topic List/Interview Guide/Questionnaire Design |
202 |
|
|
Identifying and Sampling Experts |
203 |
|
|
Approaching Experts |
204 |
|
|
Before and During the Interview |
205 |
|
|
Data Preparation |
207 |
|
|
Data Analysis |
207 |
|
|
Reporting |
208 |
|
|
Concluding Remarks |
208 |
|
|
References |
209 |
|
|
11 Talking to People IV: Focus Groups |
212 |
|
|
Introduction |
212 |
|
|
The Definition, Logic and Rationale of Focus Groups |
213 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Focus Group Method |
215 |
|
|
Focus Groups as Qualitative Methods |
215 |
|
|
Broader Debates About Focus Groups |
216 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting Focus Groups |
217 |
|
|
Clarify the Aims of the Research and Deciding on the Topic |
218 |
|
|
Establishing and Maintaining Focus |
219 |
|
|
Interview Schedule or Thematic List |
220 |
|
|
Who to Include? Sampling Considerations |
222 |
|
|
The Role of the Moderator |
222 |
|
|
Context—The Setting |
223 |
|
|
Conclusion |
224 |
|
|
References |
225 |
|
|
12 Watching People: Observations |
228 |
|
|
Using Observation Within Mixed-Methods Research |
228 |
|
|
What Is Observation and Why Use It? |
230 |
|
|
Observation: A Critical Assessment |
230 |
|
|
Case Studies: Observational Walkabouts and Creative Workshops |
233 |
|
|
Case One: Observational Walkabouts |
234 |
|
|
Case Two: Observing Creative Audiences |
237 |
|
|
Generating Change in Policy |
240 |
|
|
Observation: Benefits, Pitfalls and Shortcomings |
240 |
|
|
References |
242 |
|
|
13 Testing for Causality in Data: Experiments |
245 |
|
|
Introduction |
245 |
|
|
Experiments in a Nutshell |
246 |
|
|
Types of Experiments and Their Applicability in Media Policy Research |
247 |
|
|
Laboratory Experiments |
247 |
|
|
Field Experiments |
248 |
|
|
Quasi-Experiments |
248 |
|
|
Choice Experiments |
249 |
|
|
Essential Issues in a (Quasi-)Experimental Perspective and When It Can Be Applied |
252 |
|
|
Benefits of Adopting an Experimenter’s Mind-Set |
253 |
|
|
A Framework for More Targeted Research |
253 |
|
|
Avoiding Naïve Data Mining |
254 |
|
|
Avoiding Complex Data Analysis Methods |
254 |
|
|
Do’s and Don’ts |
255 |
|
|
Do Not Adopt a Perfectionist Attitude |
255 |
|
|
Do Consider Complementary Tests and Results |
255 |
|
|
Do Not Get Confused by Various Terminologies |
256 |
|
|
Summary and Conclusions |
257 |
|
|
References |
258 |
|
|
14 Texts as Data I: Document Analysis |
260 |
|
|
Introduction |
260 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
261 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Method |
262 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting: A Hands-on ‘How To’ Guide |
265 |
|
|
Step 1: Research Design and the Identification of Relevant Documents |
265 |
|
|
Step 2: Access, Collection and Sampling |
268 |
|
|
Step 3: Analysis and Impact |
270 |
|
|
Conclusion |
271 |
|
|
References |
272 |
|
|
15 Texts as Data II: Media Content Analysis |
274 |
|
|
Media Content Analyses in Policy Research |
274 |
|
|
A Set of Procedures to Make Valid Inferences from Text |
275 |
|
|
Detecting the Biases—In Our Own Research and in Media Content |
276 |
|
|
Preparing and Conducting a Media Content Analysis |
279 |
|
|
Research Question and Design |
280 |
|
|
Sampling and Accessing Content |
281 |
|
|
Coding Scheme and Reliability |
282 |
|
|
Coding the Content |
283 |
|
|
Data Analysis and Interpretation |
283 |
|
|
Media Content Analysis in the Social Sciences and Humanities |
284 |
|
|
References |
285 |
|
|
16 Texts as Data III: Digital TV Archives |
288 |
|
|
Introduction |
288 |
|
|
Methods of Data Collection: Digital Television Historiography |
289 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Method |
291 |
|
|
Methodological Step-by-Step Illustration of Digital Television Historiography |
294 |
|
|
Case Study 1: Data Collection on the Policy of Establishing Eurovision |
294 |
|
|
Case Study 2: Data Collection on Subtitling Policy in the Netherlands |
297 |
|
|
Conclusion |
300 |
|
|
References |
302 |
|
|
17 Texts as Data IV: Web Crawling, Content and Link Analyses |
305 |
|
|
Introduction |
305 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
306 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Method |
307 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting: A Hands-on ‘How To’ Guide (Step by Step) |
309 |
|
|
Goal, Legal Framework, Research Questions |
311 |
|
|
Instrument for Data Collection—Webcrawler |
311 |
|
|
Domains to Be Included, Levels to Crawl, and Timing |
312 |
|
|
Decision on Units of Analysis and Sample Frame |
313 |
|
|
Development of Codebook for Content Analyses |
313 |
|
|
A Categorization of Links for Assessing Their Potential for Commercialization |
314 |
|
|
Data Collection and Cleaning of Data |
315 |
|
|
Coding Process |
315 |
|
|
Analyses |
316 |
|
|
Conclusion: Lessons Learned, Pitfalls, Shortcomings |
317 |
|
|
References |
318 |
|
|
18 Working with Secondary Data: Official and Industry Statistics |
320 |
|
|
Introduction |
320 |
|
|
Official Statistics, Where to Find Them and Their Application |
321 |
|
|
Defining Official Statistics |
321 |
|
|
Finding Official Statistics |
321 |
|
|
Getting Access to Official Statistics |
323 |
|
|
Classifying Systems in Official Statistics |
324 |
|
|
Applying Official Statistics |
324 |
|
|
Advantages and Limitations in Working with Official and Industry Statistics |
325 |
|
|
Pros and Cons of Official Statistics |
325 |
|
|
Limitations of Media Industry Statistics |
325 |
|
|
Step-by-Step: Working with Media Industry Statistics |
326 |
|
|
The Three Steps |
326 |
|
|
Step 1: Defining the Scope of the Media Industry |
327 |
|
|
Step 2: Find and Extract Data of the Media Industry |
328 |
|
|
Step 3: Harmonizing and Enriching the Data and Statistics |
329 |
|
|
Conclusion |
331 |
|
|
References |
332 |
|
|
Part IV Methods of Data Analysis |
335 |
|
|
19 Statistical Analysis |
336 |
|
|
Introduction |
336 |
|
|
Some Notes on Quantitative Analysis and Its (Not Very Different from Other Social Sciences Research, Really) Use in Media Policy Research |
337 |
|
|
Why You Should (Not) Use Quantitative Methods in Your Media Policy Research—And Do It Safely |
338 |
|
|
Getting Your Hands Dirty: Doing Quantitative Analysis Step by Step |
341 |
|
|
Step 1: Data Preparation and Data Cleaning |
342 |
|
|
Step 2: To Weight or Not to Weight |
344 |
|
|
Step 3: Data Analysis |
345 |
|
|
Step 4: Reporting Your Findings |
351 |
|
|
Conclusion |
351 |
|
|
References |
352 |
|
|
20 Analyzing Big Data |
354 |
|
|
Introduction |
354 |
|
|
What Are Big Data and Data Science? |
355 |
|
|
The Pros and Cons of the Big Data Approach |
358 |
|
|
Conditions Under Which Big Data Approach May Make Sense |
358 |
|
|
Critiques of Big Data on Epistemological Grounds |
359 |
|
|
Ethical Issues |
360 |
|
|
Practical Limitations |
361 |
|
|
Getting Started with Big Data |
362 |
|
|
Planning |
363 |
|
|
Development |
363 |
|
|
Data Collection |
364 |
|
|
Analysis |
364 |
|
|
Planning |
365 |
|
|
Matching Research Objectives with Methods |
365 |
|
|
Getting a Team Together |
366 |
|
|
Brainstorming Questions and Answers |
367 |
|
|
Development |
368 |
|
|
Data Collection |
368 |
|
|
Moving into Production: User Onboarding |
368 |
|
|
Maintaining the Data Collection Infrastructure |
369 |
|
|
Winding Down: Data Storage and the Ever-After |
369 |
|
|
Analysis |
369 |
|
|
Conclusion |
370 |
|
|
References |
371 |
|
|
21 Analyzing Talk and Text I: Qualitative Content Analysis |
374 |
|
|
Introduction |
374 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
375 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Method |
376 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting |
378 |
|
|
Research Question, Theory and Sampling |
380 |
|
|
Data Collection |
381 |
|
|
Data Preparation |
381 |
|
|
Coding |
382 |
|
|
Interpretation |
386 |
|
|
Presentation of Results |
388 |
|
|
Conclusion |
388 |
|
|
References |
389 |
|
|
22 Analyzing Talk and Text II: Thematic Analysis |
392 |
|
|
Introduction |
392 |
|
|
TA as a Cornerstone of Qualitative Data Analysis and Boundaries to Other Methods |
394 |
|
|
The Role of the Researcher |
395 |
|
|
Methodological Reflexivity |
396 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting a TA Project |
399 |
|
|
Conclusion |
403 |
|
|
References |
405 |
|
|
23 Analyzing Talk and Text III: Discourse Analysis |
409 |
|
|
Discourse |
410 |
|
|
Critical Discourse Analysis |
411 |
|
|
Critical Discourse Analysis and Media Policy Studies |
413 |
|
|
CDA: A Step-by-Step Guide |
415 |
|
|
Step 1: Develop Sensitizing Concepts and Locate Instances in Your Texts |
415 |
|
|
Step 2: Ask Questions of Your Instances to Locate Patterns |
416 |
|
|
Step 3: Refine Your Patterns Through Comparison, Place Your Patterns in Context, Build Abstract Themes and Construct Your Argument |
417 |
|
|
Intervention |
420 |
|
|
Conclusion |
421 |
|
|
References |
422 |
|
|
24 Analyzing Talk and Text IV: Frame Analysis |
425 |
|
|
Introduction |
425 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale: Frames in Media Policy |
426 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of Frame Analysis |
428 |
|
|
Isolated Identification of Frames |
428 |
|
|
Latency of Frames and Qualitative Methodology |
429 |
|
|
Frame Identification: Lack of Qualitative Methodology |
429 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting a Frame Analysis |
430 |
|
|
Step 1: Selection of Methods and Material |
432 |
|
|
Step 2: Categories for Frame Identification |
432 |
|
|
Step 3: Text Analysis |
434 |
|
|
Step 4: Frame (Re-)Construction and Contextualization |
435 |
|
|
Conclusion |
437 |
|
|
References |
438 |
|
|
25 Analyzing Qualitative Data Using NVivo |
440 |
|
|
Introduction—It Is More Than Just CAQDAS |
440 |
|
|
An Overview of the Major Tools Available in NVivo |
441 |
|
|
Master or Servant? |
445 |
|
|
Doing a Qualitative Research Project with NVivo |
448 |
|
|
Coding |
448 |
|
|
Memos |
449 |
|
|
Classifications |
450 |
|
|
Framework Matrices |
450 |
|
|
Queries |
451 |
|
|
Maps |
452 |
|
|
Conclusion |
452 |
|
|
References |
453 |
|
|
26 Analyzing Policy-Making I: Stakeholder and Advocacy Coalition Framework Analysis |
456 |
|
|
Introduction |
456 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
457 |
|
|
Critical Assessment |
460 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting |
463 |
|
|
Stakeholder Analysis |
463 |
|
|
Advocacy Coalition Framework Analysis |
467 |
|
|
Conclusion |
470 |
|
|
References |
471 |
|
|
27 Analyzing Policy-Making II: Policy Network Analysis |
475 |
|
|
Introduction |
475 |
|
|
Origin and Rationale |
476 |
|
|
Presentation of the Method |
477 |
|
|
Conducting Policy Network: Two Cases in Media Policy |
483 |
|
|
The Policy Network of the BTX Introduction |
483 |
|
|
Policy Discourse on the German Hate Speech Law |
488 |
|
|
Conclusion |
493 |
|
|
References |
494 |
|
|
28 Analyzing Policy-Making III: Digital Network Analysis |
496 |
|
|
Introduction |
496 |
|
|
Methods |
499 |
|
|
Community Detection Analysis |
501 |
|
|
“How to” |
503 |
|
|
Conclusion |
507 |
|
|
References |
508 |
|
|
29 Historical Analysis |
512 |
|
|
Hutchins Commission |
514 |
|
|
Net Neutrality |
516 |
|
|
Conclusion: History as a Weapon |
518 |
|
|
References |
519 |
|
|
30 Legal Analysis in Media Policy Research |
521 |
|
|
Introduction |
521 |
|
|
Levels of Legal Analysis |
523 |
|
|
Steps in the Research Process |
526 |
|
|
Step 1: Formulating the Problem |
527 |
|
|
Step 2: Gathering Relevant (Legal) Materials |
527 |
|
|
Step 3: Analyzing Cases, Legal Documents and the Overall (Legal) Context |
528 |
|
|
Step 4: Critically Interpreting and Evaluating Findings |
530 |
|
|
Case Study No. 1: New York Times Co. v. United States |
531 |
|
|
Step 1: Formulating the Problem |
531 |
|
|
Step 2: Gathering Relevant (Legal) Materials |
531 |
|
|
Step 3: Analyzing Cases, Legal Documents and the Overall (Legal) Context |
532 |
|
|
Step 4: Critically Interpreting and Evaluating Findings |
533 |
|
|
Case Study No. 2: Slovenia Broadband S.à r.l.’s Takeover of Produkcija Plus d.o.o. in Slovenia and Nova TV d.d. in Croatia |
534 |
|
|
Step 1: Formulating the Problem |
535 |
|
|
Step 2: Gathering Relevant (Legal) Materials |
536 |
|
|
Step 3: Analyzing Cases, Legal Documents and the Overall (Legal) Context |
537 |
|
|
Step 4: Critically Interpreting and Evaluating Findings |
538 |
|
|
Conclusion |
539 |
|
|
References |
540 |
|
|
31 Assessing Policy I: Stakeholder Analysis |
542 |
|
|
Introduction |
542 |
|
|
Definition and Rationale |
543 |
|
|
When and How to Use Stakeholder Analysis |
545 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting a Stakeholder Review: Internet Regulations in Singapore |
547 |
|
|
Stakeholder Engagement in Reviews of Australian Copyright and Intellectual Property Arrangements |
549 |
|
|
Lessons from the Case Studies |
551 |
|
|
Further Issues |
552 |
|
|
References |
554 |
|
|
32 Assessing Policy II: Governance-Choice Method |
557 |
|
|
Introduction |
557 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
558 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Method |
563 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting: A Hands-on ‘How To’ Guide |
564 |
|
|
Module 1: Step-by-Step Analysis of Selected Context Factors |
567 |
|
|
Module 2: Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations |
571 |
|
|
Conclusion |
571 |
|
|
References |
572 |
|
|
33 Assessing Policy III: Regulatory Impact Assessment |
575 |
|
|
Introduction |
575 |
|
|
What Is RIA and Why Is It Used? |
576 |
|
|
RIA, Principal–Agent Theory, and Macroeconomics |
578 |
|
|
RIA and Theories of Democratic Governance |
578 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of RIA |
579 |
|
|
How to Do RIA |
582 |
|
|
EU Commission’s Impact Assessment |
582 |
|
|
OECD Recommendations |
583 |
|
|
Case Studies |
585 |
|
|
Study on ‘Co-Regulation Measures in the Media Sector’ |
585 |
|
|
EU Commission’s Impact Assessment as Part of the AVMSD Refit Procedure |
587 |
|
|
Conclusion |
589 |
|
|
References |
591 |
|
|
34 Assessing Policy IV: Goal-Means Tree Analysis |
594 |
|
|
Introduction |
594 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
595 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Method |
596 |
|
|
Procedure |
599 |
|
|
Construction of a Goal-Means Tree in Seven Steps |
600 |
|
|
Do’s and Don’ts |
603 |
|
|
Data Analysis |
603 |
|
|
Conclusion |
604 |
|
|
References |
606 |
|
|
Part V Reporting and Disseminating Media Policy Research |
608 |
|
|
35 Writing Policy Reports |
609 |
|
|
Introduction |
609 |
|
|
Definition, Logic and Rationale |
610 |
|
|
The Perks and Pitfalls of Policy Research Reports |
612 |
|
|
Planning and Conducting |
613 |
|
|
Step 1: Coordination and Aligning Expectations |
613 |
|
|
Step 2: Define Your Audience |
615 |
|
|
Step 3: Developing the Narrative |
615 |
|
|
Step 4: Writing the Report |
616 |
|
|
Step 5: Follow-up of the Research Report |
620 |
|
|
Conclusion |
621 |
|
|
References |
621 |
|
|
36 Media Policy Activism |
624 |
|
|
Introduction |
624 |
|
|
What Is Media Policy Activism? |
625 |
|
|
Two Case Studies of Media Policy Activism |
627 |
|
|
A Future for Public Service Television Inquiry |
627 |
|
|
The Media Reform Coalition |
628 |
|
|
Critical Media Scholars and Activism |
630 |
|
|
Set the Agenda—Don’t Just Follow It |
630 |
|
|
Counting Is Not Enough |
631 |
|
|
Don’t Hide Your Commitment |
632 |
|
|
Academics—Affiliate! |
633 |
|
|
Conclusion |
634 |
|
|
References |
635 |
|
|
37 Developing Pedagogical Materials on Media Policy |
637 |
|
|
Introduction |
637 |
|
|
Definitions and Rationale of Serious Games |
640 |
|
|
Critical Assessment of the Use of Serious Games |
642 |
|
|
Opportunities |
642 |
|
|
Challenges |
643 |
|
|
Ethical and Ideological Context |
644 |
|
|
Planning and Developing a Serious Game in the Context of Media Policy |
645 |
|
|
Conclusion |
647 |
|
|
References |
648 |
|
|
38 Looking Again at Findings: Secondary Analysis |
652 |
|
|
Secondary Analysis |
653 |
|
|
Algorithms, Governance, and the News |
655 |
|
|
Information Processing and the Law |
657 |
|
|
Legal Foundations and Information Processing |
657 |
|
|
Other Distinctions |
659 |
|
|
Information Processing and the News |
663 |
|
|
Secondary Reading and the Governance of Algorithms |
664 |
|
|
References |
665 |
|
|
Index |
670 |
|