SIMULATION OF POWER SYSTEM WITH RENEWABLES	2
	SIMULATION OF POWER SYSTEM WITH RENEWABLES	4
	Copyright	5
	Dedication	6
	Contents	8
	About the authors	12
	Preface	14
	One - Introduction	18
	1.1 Power system – history of development (Kundur)	18
	1.2 Power system frequency	22
	1.3 Phasors in AC systems	23
	1.4 Per unit systems	24
	1.5 Steady state in power system	25
	1.6 Stability issues in power system	26
	1.7 Mathematical representation of power system	29
	1.8 Simulation in Matlab	30
	1.9 Assumptions	31
	1.10 Summary	32
	Further reading	32
	Two - Transmission network modelling	34
	2.1 Admittance matrix	34
	2.2 Example	37
	2.3 Power flow computation	37
	2.4 Formulation of jacobian	40
	2.5 Example of three-bus system	41
	2.6 Power flow implementation	44
	2.7 Study case: four-machine system	45
	2.8 Exercise	46
	2.9 Exercise	50
	2.10 Including the network in the Simulink time domain simulation	50
	2.11 Conclusions	54
	References	55
	Three - Synchronous machine modelling	56
	3.1 Synchronous machine introduction	56
	3.2 Synchronous machine operation	57
	3.3 Reference frame	59
	3.4 Dynamic equations of a synchronous machine in d-q reference frame	67
	List of variables:	70
	3.5 Initialization of the dynamic model	70
	3.6 Simulink modelling	77
	3.7 Study case: single machine infinite bus test system time domain results	85
	3.8 Dynamic models of synchronous machines	87
	3.9 Simulation model of the two-area test system	91
	3.9.1 Simulink block representing multiple synchronous machines	92
	References	97
	Four - Analysis and controller design ideas	98
	4.1 System representations and dynamic response	98
	4.1.1 Stability of the linear system	100
	4.1.1.1 Exercise 4.1	100
	4.2 Power system model for analysis	106
	4.3 Linearization and state space representation	106
	4.4 Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and participation factor	109
	4.4.1 Exercise 4.2	110
	4.5 Transfer function and ZPK representation	112
	4.6 Root locus, Bode plot, Nichols plot and Nyquist plot	112
	4.7 Analysis of stable system	116
	4.7.1 Root locus plots	116
	4.7.2 Bode, Nichols and Nyquist plots	117
	4.8 Analysis of unstable system	117
	4.8.1 Linear system analyzer	119
	4.9 System response	119
	4.10 Controller design	120
	4.10.1 PI controller	120
	4.10.2 Control System Designer	122
	4.10.3 Pole placement	125
	4.10.4 Linear Quadratic Regulator controller	128
	4.11 Conclusions	129
	Five - Load modelling	130
	5.1 Types of loads	130
	5.2 Descriptions, key equations and integration of ZIP model	131
	5.3 Study case: four-machine system using different load models	135
	5.4 Initial condition block implementation	137
	5.5 Comparison of results	141
	5.6 Conclusion of ZIP load modelling	149
	Acknowledgement	149
	References	149
	Six - Wind turbine generator modelling	150
	6.1 Introduction	150
	6.2 Building blocks of DFIG-SMIB simulation model	151
	6.2.1 Network	153
	6.2.2 Wind turbine model	154
	6.2.2.1 Wind turbine aerodynamic modelling	154
	6.2.2.1.1 Simulink representation of turbine model	157
	6.2.2.2 Turbine generator mechanical drive train model	159
	6.1.3 Doubly fed induction generator	161
	6.1.4 LCL filter	166
	6.1.5 Back-to-back capacitor	168
	6.1.6 Machine-side converter controller	169
	6.1.7 Grid-side converter controller	172
	6.3 Single machine infinite bus model integration and testing	174
	6.3.1 Dynamic simulation	174
	6.4 Initialization of SMIB-DFIG system	177
	6.5 Further modifications in DFIG-WTG model	183
	6.6 Permanent magnet synchronous generator modelling	184
	6.6.1 Turbine model	185
	6.6.2 Permanent magnet synchronous generator model	185
	6.6.3 Machine-side converter controller	186
	6.6.4 Back-to-back capacitor, GSC controller, LCL filter and network	187
	6.7 Initialization of PMSG-SMIB system	187
	6.8 Modal analysis and dynamic simulation results	189
	6.9 Simulation of wind farm having DFIG- and PMSG-type WTGs	189
	6.9.1 Network representation	194
	6.9.2 Wind farm simulink model	194
	References	196
	Seven - Modelling of solar generation	198
	7.1 Description of solar generation	198
	7.2 Modelling solar power generators	199
	7.3 Western Electricity Coordinating Council generic model	201
	7.4 Case study: photovoltaic system model	201
	References	219
	Eight - Modelling of flexible AC transmission system devices	222
	8.1 Introduction	222
	8.2 Flexible AC transmission system devices	223
	8.2.1 Applications	226
	8.2.1.1 Example system using SVC and TCSC	226
	8.3 Static VAR Compensator	227
	8.3.1 Modelling of static VAR compensator	230
	8.4 Thyristor controlled series compensation	230
	8.4.1 Modelling of thyristor controlled series compensator	231
	8.5 Implementation of SVC and TCSC models	232
	8.5.1 Power flow solution considering SVC and TCSC	232
	8.5.1.1 Representation of static VAR compensator	234
	8.5.1.2 Representation of thyristor controlled series compensator	238
	References	241
	Nine - Case study of interarea oscillations in power system	242
	9.1 Introduction	242
	9.2 Analysis of two-area system	242
	9.2.1 Participation factor analysis	244
	9.3 Two-area system with a thyristor controlled series compensator	245
	9.3.1 Simulink model	245
	9.3.1.1 Feedback signal selection for power oscillation damping	247
	9.3.1.2 Linearization and calculation of residue	247
	9.3.1.3 Implementation of power oscillation damping	247
	9.3.1.4 Controller performance	251
	9.4 Two-area system with a static VAR compensator	253
	9.5 Two-area system with wind turbines	253
	9.5.1 Building Simulink model	255
	9.5.2 Initialization program	259
	9.5.3 Simulation results	261
	9.6 Conclusions	262
	References	262
	Index	264
	A	264
	B	264
	C	264
	D	264
	E	264
	F	264
	G	264
	H	264
	I	264
	J	264
	L	264
	M	264
	N	265
	P	265
	R	265
	S	265
	T	266
	U	266
	V	266
	W	266
	Z	267