The Chemistry of Heterocycles	5
	Contents	7
	Preface to the Third Edition	11
	Abbreviations and Symbols	13
	1 The Structure of Heterocyclic Compounds	17
	Reference	20
	2 Systematic Nomenclature of Heterocyclic Compounds	21
	2.1 Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature	22
	2.2 Replacement Nomenclature	27
	2.3 Examples of Systematic Nomenclature	28
	2.4 Important Heterocyclic Systems	31
	3 Three-Membered Heterocycles	33
	3.1 Oxirane	33
	3.2 Thiirane	42
	3.3 2H-Azirine	45
	3.4 Aziridine	48
	3.5 Dioxirane	53
	3.6 Oxaziridine	53
	3.7 3H-Diazirine	56
	3.8 Diaziridine	56
	References	57
	4 Four-Membered Heterocyles	61
	4.1 Oxetane	61
	4.2 Thietane	65
	4.3 Azete	66
	4.4 Azetidine	67
	4.5 1,2-Dioxetane	70
	4.6 1,2-Dithiete	73
	4.7 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-diazete	74
	4.8 1,2-Diazetidine	74
	References	75
	5 Five-Membered Heterocycles	77
	5.1 Furan	77
	5.2 Benzo[b]furan	96
	5.3 Isobenzofuran	100
	5.4 Dibenzofuran	102
	5.5 Tetrahydrofuran	103
	5.6 Thiophene	106
	5.7 Benzo[b]thiophene	117
	5.8 Benzo[c]thiophene	120
	5.9 2,5-Dihydrothiophene	121
	5.10 Thiolane	122
	5.11 Selenophene	123
	5.12 Pyrrole	124
	5.13 Indole	141
	5.14 Carbazole	164
	5.15 Isoindole	166
	5.16 Indolizine	168
	5.17 Pyrrolidine	173
	5.18 Phosphole	177
	5.19 1,3-Dioxolane	178
	5.20 1,2-Dithiole	179
	5.21 1,2-Dithiolane	180
	5.22 1,3-Dithiole	181
	5.23 1,3-Dithiolane	181
	5.24 Oxazole	182
	5.25 Benzoxazole	193
	5.26 4,5-Dihydrooxazole	197
	5.27 Isoxazole	201
	5.28 4,5-Dihydroisoxazole	209
	5.29 2,3-Dihydroisoxazole	214
	5.30 Thiazole	215
	5.31 Benzothiazole	224
	5.32 Penam	228
	5.33 Isothiazole	230
	5.34 Imidazole	233
	5.35 Benzimidazole	245
	5.36 Imidazolidine	250
	5.37 Pyrazole	252
	5.38 Indazole	259
	5.39 4,5-Dihydropyrazole	262
	5.40 Pyrazolidine	265
	5.41 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole	265
	5.42 1,2,5-Oxadiazole	267
	5.43 1,2,3-Thiadiazole	270
	5.44 1,2,4-Thiadiazole	272
	5.45 1,2,3-Triazole	274
	5.46 Benzotriazole	281
	5.47 1,2,4-Triazole	284
	5.48 Tetrazole	289
	References	296
	6 Six-Membered Heterocycles	313
	6.1 Pyrylium Ion	313
	6.2 2H-Pyran	321
	6.3 2H-Pyran-2-one	322
	6.4 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran	329
	6.5 Tetrahydropyran	333
	6.6 2H-Chromene	335
	6.7 2H-Chromen-2-one	337
	6.8 1-Benzopyrylium Ion	343
	6.9 4H-Pyran	345
	6.10 4H-Pyran-4-one	347
	6.11 4H-Chromene	351
	6.12 4H-Chromen-4-one	352
	6.13 Chroman	357
	6.14 Pyridine	361
	6.15 Pyridones	397
	6.16 Quinoline	402
	6.17 Isoquinoline	422
	6.18 Quinolizinium Ion	436
	6.19 Dibenzopyridines	439
	6.20 Piperidine	445
	6.21 Phosphabenzene	450
	6.22 1,4-Dioxin, 1,4-Dithiin, 1,4-Oxathiin	454
	6.23 1,4-Dioxane	456
	6.24 Oxazines	458
	6.25 Morpholine	463
	6.26 1,3-Dioxane	465
	6.27 1,3-Dithiane	469
	6.28 Cepham	471
	6.29 Pyridazine	474
	6.30 Pyrimidine	479
	6.31 Purine	490
	6.32 Pyrazine	497
	6.33 Piperazine	502
	6.34 Pteridine	503
	6.35 Benzodiazines	507
	6.36 1,2,3-Triazine	517
	6.37 1,2,4-Triazine	520
	6.38 1,3,5-Triazine	524
	6.39 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine	528
	References	533
	7 Seven-Membered Heterocycles	545
	7.1 Oxepin	545
	7.2 Thiepin	548
	7.3 Azepine	549
	7.4 Diazepines	556
	References	561
	8 Larger Ring Heterocycles	563
	8.1 Azocine	563
	8.2 Heteronines and Larger-Membered Heterocycles	565
	8.3 Tetrapyrroles	567
	References	574
	9 Problems and Their Solutions	577
	References	630
	Indices	637