Preface	8
	Contents	10
	Chapter 1 Introduction	11
	1.1 The Problem of Driver Drowsiness	11
	1.2 What Is Drowsiness?	12
	1.3 What Causes Drowsiness?	14
	1.4 What Can We Do About It?	15
	References	15
	Chapter 2 Driver Drowsiness Detection and Measurement Methods	16
	2.1 Subjective Methods	16
	2.2 Physiological Methods	19
	2.3 Vehicle-Based Methods	20
	2.4 Behavioral Methods	22
	2.5 Hybrid Methods	23
	References	23
	Chapter 3 Commercial Solutions	28
	3.1 Car Manufacturers	28
	3.2 Independent Products	31
	References	32
	Chapter 4 Research Aspects	33
	4.1 Imaging Sensors	34
	4.1.1 Visible Light Cameras	34
	4.1.2 Near Infrared (NIR) Cameras	35
	4.2 Feature Detection and Extraction	35
	4.3 Machine Learning Classifiers	40
	4.4 Challenges and Practical Aspects	42
	4.4.1 Data Collection	42
	4.4.2 Performance Requirements	43
	References	44
	Chapter 5 Examples	46
	5.1 Selected Recent Work	46
	5.1.1 Head Pose Estimation	47
	5.1.2 Yawning	47
	5.1.3 Eye State Estimation	48
	5.2 Our Work	50
	5.2.1 System Initialization: Preparation	51
	Skin Color Feature Analysis	53
	Eye Model Analysis	54
	Head Position Analysis	54
	5.2.2 Regular Stage: Eye Tracking with Eye-State Analysis	54
	5.2.3 Warning Stage: Nod Analysis	55
	Head Position Monitoring	55
	5.2.4 Alert Stage	56
	References	57