Preface	6
	Cooperating Reviewers	8
	Contents	10
	Part I: Product Development for Sustainability	17
	Investigating Types of Information from WEEE Take-Back Systems in Order to Promote Design for Recovery	18
	1 Introduction	18
	2 Theoretical Background	19
	2.1 Recovery Scenarios	19
	2.2 Product Life-Cycle Information	20
	3 Types of Information from the WEEE Take-Back Systems	22
	3.1 Macroscopic Information	22
	3.2 Microscopic Information	24
	4 Case Studies	27
	4.1 French WEEE Compliance Scheme	27
	4.2 Swedish IT Remanufacturing Organisation	28
	5 Discussion	31
	6 Conclusion	33
	References	33
	A Framework for Sustainable Product Development	35
	1 Introduction	35
	1.1 Motivation	36
	1.2 Goals	36
	1.3 Research Methodology	36
	2 State of the Art	37
	2.1 Frameworks	37
	2.2 Methods and Approaches	38
	2.3 Conclusion	38
	3 Challenges	39
	3.1 Life-Cycle Thinking	39
	3.2 Front-Loading	40
	3.3 Modelling of Objectives	40
	3.4 Selection of Methods	40
	3.5 Pareto Principle	40
	4 Framework	41
	4.1 Problem Layer	41
	4.2 Goal Layer	41
	4.3 Action Layer	42
	5 Use Case	43
	6 Conclusion	44
	7 Outlook	45
	References	46
	Reducing Conflicts of Interest in Eco-design: The Relation of Innovation Management and Eco-design in the Automotive Sector	47
	1 Introduction	47
	2 Eco-design in Strategic Management	48
	3 Eco-design in Innovation Management and Product Development	52
	4 Eco-design in the End-of-Life Phase	55
	5 Discussion and Outlook	58
	References	58
	Computer-Aided Design for Semi-destructive Disassembly	60
	1 Introduction	60
	2 Computer-Aided Design for Semi-destructive Disassembly	62
	2.1 Outline of the CAD System	62
	2.2 Shell Classification	63
	2.3 Generation of Split Line Candidates	64
	2.3.1 Definition of ``Removability´´ Between Rigid Bodies	64
	2.3.2 Setting of Extraction Directions to Targets	64
	2.3.3 Calculation of Removable Region	65
	2.3.4 Generation of Baselines as Candidates of a Split Line	67
	3 Case Study	68
	4 Discussion	70
	5 Conclusion	70
	References	71
	Potential of Common Methods to Integrate Sustainability Requirements in the Product Development Process: A Case Study	73
	1 Introduction	73
	2 Sustainability in Product Development	74
	2.1 Development of Economically Sustainable Products	75
	2.1.1 Objectives	75
	2.1.2 Methodological Tools	75
	2.2 Development of Ecologically Sustainable Products	76
	2.2.1 Objectives	76
	2.2.2 Methodological Tools	76
	2.3 Development of Socially Sustainable Products	77
	2.3.1 Objectives	77
	2.3.2 Methodological Tools	77
	2.4 Sustainability Relevant Design-for-X Approaches	78
	3 Research Methodology	79
	4 Case Study: Ice Crusher	80
	4.1 Analysis and Discussion of Applied Methods	80
	4.1.1 Requirement Specification	80
	4.1.2 Relation-Oriented Function Modeling	82
	4.1.3 Reverse Engineering	83
	4.1.4 Weighted Points Rating	84
	4.2 Final Discussion	85
	5 Conclusion and Outlook	86
	References	86
	Part II: Design for Sustainability in Emerging Economies	89
	Perspectives on Sustainable Product Design Methodology Focused on Local Communities	90
	1 Introduction	90
	2 Related Work	92
	2.1 Globalization and Glocalization	92
	2.2 Field Observation and Local Development Team	93
	2.3 Appropriate Technology and Co-design	94
	2.4 Reverse Engineering and Redesign	95
	2.5 Environmental Problems with Products in Developing Countries	96
	3 Research Agenda	96
	3.1 Glocalization Approaches	97
	3.2 Field Observation Approaches	97
	3.3 Co-design Approaches	97
	3.4 Reverse Engineering-Based Approaches	98
	3.5 Common Technologies	98
	4 Extended Function-Structure Analysis	99
	5 Concluding Remarks	101
	References	102
	Proposal of a Design Method for Local-Oriented Manufacturing in Developing Countries First Report: Problem Description and Kno...	104
	1 Introduction	105
	2 Local-Oriented Manufacturing	106
	3 Case Studies	107
	3.1 Influences of the Economic Conditions on Refrigerators	107
	3.2 Refrigerator	107
	3.3 Vacuum Cleaner	109
	4 Field Survey	110
	5 Framework of the LOMan Design	110
	6 Proposal of Local-Oriented Manufacturing Map	111
	6.1 Structure of LOMmap	111
	6.2 Value Chain Graph	112
	6.3 Product Information Model	113
	6.4 Checklist	114
	7 Use of LOMmap	114
	7.1 Preparation of LOMmap	117
	7.2 LOMan Design by Using of LOMmap	117
	8 Example	118
	9 Discussions	118
	10 Conclusion	119
	References	119
	Environment-Community-Human-Oriented (ECHO) Design: A Context-Appropriate Design-Thinking Process for the Well-Being of Indivi...	121
	1 Introduction	121
	2 Design Thinking	123
	3 Environment-Community-Human-Oriented (ECHO) Design	124
	4 Applications of ECHO Design	126
	4.1 General Problem Description	126
	4.2 Discovering Insights into the Users and Problems	127
	4.3 Defining a Design Brief	129
	4.4 Exploring and Developing Potential Solutions	130
	4.5 Implementing the Solutions	132
	4.6 Iterations and Improvement	132
	5 Summary	133
	References	134
	Persuasive Design Aid for Products Leading to LOHAS Considering User Type	136
	1 Introduction	136
	2 Statistical Models for Identifying Users´ Motives and Lack of Ability	138
	3 Knowledge Extraction from Cases with Domain Knowledge Model	140
	4 A Case Library	142
	5 An Aid for Retrieving Useful Cases and Providing Design Suggestions	143
	6 An Illustrative Example	145
	7 Conclusion	147
	References	147
	Preliminary Research on the Perception and Implementation of Sustainable Supply Chain in Indonesian Companies	149
	1 Introduction	149
	2 Sustainable Supply Chain	150
	3 Method	152
	3.1 The Questionnaire	152
	3.1.1 Orientation, Awareness and Vision on Sustainability	152
	3.1.2 Ensuring Supplier Continuity	153
	3.1.3 Reconceptualisation of the Supply Chain	153
	3.1.4 Supply Chain Management Practices	153
	3.1.5 Performance Measurement	153
	3.2 In-Depth Interview	154
	4 Results and Discussion	154
	4.1 Company Perception	154
	4.2 Actual Implementation	155
	5 Summary and Future Work	157
	References	157
	Analysis of User Needs for Solar Cooker Acceptance	159
	1 Introduction	159
	2 Methodology	160
	2.1 Literature Review	160
	2.2 Questionnaires	160
	2.3 Observation	161
	2.4 In-Depth Interviews	161
	2.5 In-Depth Interviews	162
	2.5.1 Must-Be Quality (M)	163
	2.5.2 One-Dimension Quality (O)	163
	2.5.3 Attractive Quality (A)	163
	2.5.4 Indifferent Quality (I)	164
	2.5.5 Reverse Quality (R)	164
	3 Finding and Discussion	164
	3.1 Type and Performance of Solar Cookers	164
	3.1.1 Panel Solar Cooker	164
	3.1.2 Parabolic Solar Cooker	164
	3.1.3 Indirect Solar Cooker Station	165
	Flat Plate Solar Collector	165
	Thermal Storage	166
	Cooking Area	166
	3.1.4 Prototype of Solar Cooker and Solar Fridge	166
	3.2 User Needs and Acceptance Criteria for Using a Solar Cooker	168
	3.2.1 Cooking Temperature Requirements	168
	3.2.2 Fast Reaching of High Temperature	168
	3.2.3 Precise Control	169
	3.2.4 Easy Temperature Controlling	169
	3.2.5 Prompt Use	170
	3.2.6 Safety	170
	3.2.7 Number of Burners	170
	3.2.8 Easy to Clean	170
	3.2.9 Energy Saving and Alternative Energy Used	171
	3.2.10 Aesthetics and Appearance Design	171
	3.2.11 Durability and Maintenance	171
	4 Summary	171
	References	172
	Sustainable Renewable Energy Financing: Case Study of Kenya	174
	1 Introduction	174
	2 Methodology	177
	2.1 Data Collection	177
	2.2 Data Analysis	178
	3 Results	178
	3.1 Key Findings from Summary Statistics	178
	3.1.1 Preferred Technology	178
	3.1.2 Political Stability	179
	3.1.3 Multilateral Lenders	179
	3.1.4 Feed-in Tariffs (FITs)	180
	3.2 Key Findings from Regression Analysis	180
	3.3 Key Findings from Key Informant Interviews	182
	3.3.1 Ignorance of Renewable Energy Policy Provisions	182
	3.3.2 Technology Challenges	182
	3.3.3 Renewable Energy Financing Complexity	182
	4 Results	183
	4.1 Mismatch Between Ministry of Energy and Petroleum and Other Renewable Energy Stakeholders	183
	4.2 The Issue of Storage and Smart Grids	184
	4.3 The Issue of Off-Grid Access to Electricity in Kenya	184
	5 Summary	185
	References	185
	Oil and Gas Industry´s Role on the Transition to a Low-Carbon Future in Thailand	187
	1 Introduction	188
	2 Methodologies	191
	2.1 Conceptual Framework	191
	2.2 Research Approaches	191
	2.3 Targets of Study	191
	3 Results and Discussion	192
	3.1 Corporate Strategies Related to Climate Change Mitigation and Renewable Energy Development	192
	3.2 Rational of the Companies´ Response to Climate Change Mitigation and Renewable Energy Development	193
	3.3 The Implications of OandG Industry´s Responses to Climate Change Mitigation in Thailand	198
	4 Summary	199
	References	200
	Material Recovery and Environmental Impact by Informal E-Waste Recycling Site in the Philippines	202
	1 Introduction	202
	2 Materials and Methods	203
	2.1 Surveyed Recycling Site	203
	2.2 Gold Recovery Process	204
	2.2.1 Process Overview	204
	2.2.2 Mass Balance	206
	2.3 Metal Content of Surface Soil at the Informal Recycling Site	206
	3 Results	207
	3.1 Gold Recovery Process	207
	3.1.1 Process Overview	207
	3.1.2 Mass Balance	208
	3.2 Metal Contents of Soil Samples	212
	4 Discussion	215
	4.1 Gold Recovery Process	215
	4.2 Distribution of Metals Within the Recycling Site	216
	4.3 Health Risks	216
	5 Conclusion	217
	References	218
	Part III: Business Design for Sustainability	219
	Actors and System Maps: A Methodology for Developing Product/Service Systems	220
	1 Introduction	220
	2 The Actors and System Map Methodology	221
	2.1 Background	221
	2.2 Overall Methodology Description	222
	2.3 Step 1. Define the PSS That Will Be Analyzed	222
	2.4 Step 2. Identify Actors Involved and Flows of Products, Services, and Information Between Actors	223
	2.5 Step 3. Analyze if Identified Actors and the Flows of Products, Services, and Information Are at a Sufficient Level of Det...	225
	2.6 Step 4. Identify Activities Used to Manage Products, Services, and Information	226
	2.7 Step 5. Analyze if Identified Activities Are at a Sufficient Level of Detail	228
	2.8 Step 6. Identify Improvement Possibilities	229
	3 The Orange and Ericsson Case	230
	3.1 Background	230
	3.2 The Actors Map	230
	3.3 The System Map	231
	4 Discussion	231
	4.1 Application of the Methodology	231
	4.2 Pros and Cons with the Methodology	233
	5 Concluding Remarks and Future Research	234
	References	234
	PSS Without PSS Design: Possible Causes, Effects, and Solutions	236
	1 Introduction	236
	1.1 Background, Motivation, and Goals	236
	1.2 Research Approach	237
	1.3 Structure	238
	2 Methodology	238
	2.1 Literature Review	238
	2.2 Actor Maps	238
	2.3 Understanding Product/Service Integration: The ``Navitas´´ Case Study	239
	3 Why PSS Design?	239
	4 Why Companies Are Not Utilizing PSS Design	240
	4.1 Reduced Customer Pressure	240
	4.2 Lack of Involvement of Internal Stakeholders Who Are Key to PSS Design	242
	4.3 Managerial Focus and Product/Service Integration	243
	4.4 Summary	245
	5 Discussing Effects of Not Adapting Design Processes to PSS and Potential Solutions to Bridge Existing Gaps	245
	5.1 Business-Related Matters	246
	5.1.1 Capturing Lost Value Creation Opportunities	246
	5.1.2 Supporting Product and Service Design for PSS	246
	5.2 The Environment and Its Relevance for Future PSS Provider Success	247
	5.3 Outcomes Within Companies	248
	6 Concluding Discussions and Further Research	248
	References	249
	A Method of Selecting Customer-Oriented Service and Delivery Modes in Designing Environmentally Benign Product Service Systems	252
	1 Introduction	252
	2 Relationship Between ePSS Type and Customer	254
	3 Proposed Design Procedure	258
	3.1 Outline of the Design Procedure	258
	3.2 Prioritizing ePSS Types for Each Customer	259
	3.3 Configuration of ePSS Business	260
	4 Application Example	261
	4.1 Case Study Scenario	261
	4.2 Listing of ePSS Types	262
	4.3 Estimation of Customers´ Importance Factors	263
	4.4 Calculation of Customer Value Vi	266
	4.5 Configuring Candidates for ePSS Businesses	266
	4.6 Evaluation of the Number of ePSS Businesses in the LCS	267
	4.7 Discussion	267
	5 Summary	269
	References	270
	Design for Remanufacturing and Circular Business Models	271
	1 Introduction	271
	2 Literature Review	273
	2.1 Design for Remanufacturing: The State of Play	273
	2.2 Design Guidelines for Remanufacturing	274
	2.3 Remanufacturing Business Models	276
	2.4 Selected Case Studies from the Literature	276
	2.5 Summary: Research and Practice Gap	277
	3 Method	278
	3.1 Case Study Selection	278
	3.2 Case Study Activities	278
	3.3 Case Study Analysis	278
	4 Results	279
	4.1 Product Evaluation	279
	4.2 Environmental Assessment	279
	4.3 Commercial Research	280
	4.4 Product Take-Back Pilot	281
	5 Analysis and Discussion	282
	6 Conclusion	283
	References	284
	Development of Low-Carbon Society Businesses in Japan	286
	1 Introduction	286
	2 Research Methods	287
	3 Smart City Projects	288
	3.1 Overall Flow	288
	3.2 Public Policies	289
	3.3 Verification Projects	289
	4 Toyota City Low-Carbon Society Verification Project	291
	5 Conclusions	297
	References	297
	What Is `Value´ and How Can We Capture It from the Product Value Chain?	298
	1 Introduction	298
	2 Stocks and Flows	299
	2.1 A System-Based Approach	299
	2.2 Product-Service Systems and Stocks and Flows	301
	2.3 Hierarchy of Sustainability	302
	2.4 Value and Thresholds	302
	3 Understanding Value	303
	3.1 Indicators	303
	3.1.1 Environmental	303
	3.1.2 Economic	304
	3.1.3 Technological	304
	3.2 Value Calculations	305
	3.3 Incomplete Bill of Materials	306
	3.4 Costs	307
	3.5 Calculations at the Decision Points	307
	3.5.1 Reuse	308
	3.5.2 Remanufacture	308
	3.5.3 Stockpile	308
	3.5.4 Post-stockpile	308
	3.6 Calculation of Initial Value	309
	4 Conclusion	311
	References	312
	How Japanese Companies Can Contribute to Water Sustainability	315
	1 Introduction	315
	2 Research Approach	316
	3 Water Businesses in Japan	317
	4 Benchmarking of Global Companies	320
	4.1 Veolia Environment [4, 5]	321
	4.2 Hyflux [6]	322
	4.3 General Electric [7]	323
	5 Conclusions	323
	References	326
	Analysis of Disassembly Characteristics and PSS Proposal by Component Reuse of Mobile Phones	327
	1 Introduction	327
	2 Disassembly of Used Mobile Phones	329
	2.1 Disassembly Experiments	329
	2.2 Disassembly of Feature Phones	331
	2.3 Disassembly Characteristics of Smartphones	331
	2.3.1 Comparison of Disassembly Characteristics	331
	3 Design Improvement Plans	332
	3.1 General Trends in Disassembly	332
	3.2 Design Improvement Plan for Feature Phones	333
	3.3 Design Improvement Plans for Smartphones	333
	3.4 Estimated Disassembly Time	335
	4 Proposal of PSS Featuring Remanufacturing of Components	335
	5 Summary	336
	References	337
	Seller-Buyer Matching for Promoting Product Reuse Using Distance-Based User Grouping	338
	1 Introduction	338
	2 Part Agent System	339
	3 Framework of Part Agent for Local Reuse of Products	340
	4 Multiple Groups for the Matching	342
	4.1 Grouping Based on the Distance Between Users	342
	4.2 Grouping	343
	4.2.1 Entry in a Group	343
	4.2.2 Entry in a Group	344
	4.2.3 Reconstruction of Groups	345
	5 Simulation of Grouping	346
	5.1 Simulator	346
	5.2 Experimental Condition	347
	5.2.1 Map	347
	5.2.2 Product	347
	5.2.3 Product´s Conditions on Sales	347
	5.2.4 Coefficients for Degree of Satisfaction	347
	5.2.5 User´s Maximum Distance	347
	6 Simulation Result	348
	7 Conclusion	350
	References	351
	User Model in the Life Cycle Simulation of Mechanical Parts Based on Prospect Theory	352
	1 Introduction	352
	2 Part Agent System	353
	3 Creation of Advice by Part Agent	354
	3.1 Framework of Part Agent for Advice Generation	354
	3.2 Evaluation of Profit, Cost, and Environmental Load Based on Deterioration	354
	4 Prospect Theory	356
	4.1 Value Function	356
	4.2 Weighting Function	356
	5 Expansion of Life Cycle of Part	358
	5.1 Life Cycle Model	358
	5.2 Application of Prospect Theory to the Estimation of the Life Cycle of the Part	358
	6 Life Cycle Simulation	361
	6.1 Simulation Condition	361
	6.2 Simulation Result	361
	6.3 Discussion	362
	7 Conclusion	364
	References	364
	Research on Corporate Social Responsibility Advertising Design	365
	1 Introduction	365
	2 Theoretical Background	367
	2.1 CSR Activities	367
	2.2 CRM and GP	368
	2.3 Film Stimulation	369
	3 Method	371
	3.1 Research Design and Description of Subjects	371
	3.2 Independent Variable	371
	3.2.1 CSR Advertising Design	371
	3.2.2 Film Control	372
	3.3 Dependant Variable	373
	3.4 Experimental Procedure	373
	4 Research Result and Analysis	374
	4.1 Verifying the Advertising Effect of Individual Factors	374
	4.2 Verifying the Advertising Effect of CSR Advertising and Film Information	375
	5 Discussion	376
	References	377
	Part IV: Sustainable Production and Material Recovery	380
	Systems Approach to Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production Solutions: Method and Implementation	381
	1 Introduction	382
	2 Methodology	383
	3 Implementation	388
	4 Results	389
	5 Conclusions and Discussion	391
	References	394
	Integrated Production and Transportation Scheduling for Low-Carbon Supply Chains	395
	1 Introduction	395
	2 Background	397
	3 Basic Supply Chain Model	397
	3.1 Two-Layered Dynamic Supply Chain Model	397
	3.1.1 Model Components	397
	3.1.2 Negotiation Protocol	398
	3.2 Transportation Model	399
	3.2.1 Transportation Conditions	399
	3.2.2 Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Transportation Process	400
	3.3 Profit of Supplier	401
	3.4 Optimization Problem	402
	4 Production and Transportation Scheduling Considering Carbon Dioxide Emissions	402
	4.1 Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Machining Processes	403
	4.2 Integrated Production Scheduling and Transportation Scheduling	404
	4.2.1 Determination of Loading Sequence of Jobs by GA	404
	4.2.2 Selection of Cutting Speed by Heuristic Rules	405
	4.2.3 Estimation of Job Allocation to Vehicles by Beam Search	406
	4.2.4 Evaluation by Pareto Ranking and Genetic Operations	406
	4.2.5 Iteration	407
	5 Experiments	407
	5.1 Simulation System	407
	5.2 Performance Evaluation	408
	6 Conclusions	409
	References	410
	Usage of a Digital Eco-factory for a Printed Circuit Assembly Line	412
	1 Introduction	412
	2 Application of a Digital Eco-factory to a PCA Production Line	413
	2.1 Proposed Digital Eco-factory	413
	2.2 Construction of Digital Eco-factory for PCA Line	414
	2.3 Usage of Digital Eco-factory for PCA Line	415
	3 Implementation Details of the Virtual PCA Production Line	416
	3.1 System Structure	416
	3.2 Configuration of the PCA Line	416
	3.2.1 Configuration Data	417
	3.2.2 Machine Agents	417
	3.2.3 PCA Line Agent	419
	3.3 Simulated Production Scenario and PCB Agent	420
	3.3.1 Production Plan Data	421
	3.3.2 PCB Agents	421
	4 Experimental Use of Virtual PCA Production Line	422
	4.1 Overview of Experimental Usages	422
	4.2 Experimental Example for Use Scenario 1	422
	4.3 Experimental Example for Use Scenario 2	423
	4.4 Experimental Example for Use Scenario 3	426
	5 Summary	427
	References	427
	A Negotiation Model for Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Consideration for Economically Collecting Reusable Products	429
	1 Introduction	429
	2 Literature Review	430
	3 Previous Supply Chain Model	431
	3.1 Modeling of Forward Supply Chains	431
	3.2 Modeling of Closed-Loop Supply Chains	432
	4 Negotiation Protocol	434
	4.1 Previous Negotiation Protocols	434
	4.2 New Negotiation Protocol	436
	5 Computational Experiments	438
	5.1 Experimental Conditions	438
	5.2 Comparisons of Experimental Results	439
	6 Conclusion	440
	References	441
	Concept Proposal and Feasibility Study of Remote Recycling: Separation Characteristics and Cost-Profit Analysis	442
	1 Introduction	442
	2 The Concept of Remote Recycling	444
	3 Separation Experiments	445
	3.1 Experiment Process	445
	3.2 Example of the Experiments	446
	4 Experimental Results	447
	4.1 Measurement of Material Composition by XRF	447
	4.2 Measurement of Gold Density by ICP	447
	4.3 Interpretation of the Results	448
	5 Cost-Profit Analysis	449
	6 Conclusions	450
	References	451
	Simulation-Based Uncertainty Quantification in End-of-Life Operations for Strategic Development of Urban Mines	452
	1 Introduction	452
	1.1 Background	452
	1.2 Research Objective	454
	1.3 Structure of the Paper	454
	2 Formalization	454
	2.1 Inspection	455
	2.2 Assignment	455
	2.2.1 Availability of EoL Options	456
	2.2.2 Applicability of EoL Options	456
	2.2.3 Evaluation of the Assigned EoL Options	456
	2.3 Quantification of Uncertainty	456
	3 Life Cycle Modeling	457
	3.1 Production	458
	3.2 Use	458
	3.3 Inspection	458
	3.4 End of Life	459
	4 Implementation	460
	4.1 Program Architecture	460
	4.2 Main Program	461
	4.3 Process Model	461
	4.4 Entity Model	462
	5 Analysis	463
	5.1 The Behavior of the Life Cycle Model	463
	5.2 Comparative Analysis	464
	6 Summary	466
	References	466
	The Potential of Additive Manufacturing Technology for Realizing a Sustainable Society	467
	1 Introduction	467
	2 Impact of Additive Manufacturing	468
	2.1 Impact on Production Stage	468
	2.2 Impact on Usage Stage	469
	2.3 Impact on Supply Chain	470
	2.4 Impact from Whole life cycle Perspective	470
	3 Method for Evaluating the Impact of AM	471
	3.1 Approach	471
	3.1.1 Life Cycle Value	471
	3.1.2 Scenario Analysis	471
	3.2 Life Cycle Value	473
	4 Summary	477
	References	477
	Biodegradable Mechatronic Products by Additive Manufacturing	479
	1 Introduction	480
	2 Proposition of Eco-Mechatronic Products	480
	2.1 Eco-Mechatronic Products	480
	2.2 Type of the Eco-Mechatronic Products	481
	2.3 Considerable Use of Eco-Mechatronic Products	481
	2.3.1 Expendable Parts with Sensors	481
	2.3.2 Personal Fabrication of Mechatronic Systems	482
	3 Technologies and Their Contribution to the Environment	483
	3.1 Sensing and Communication Devices	483
	3.2 Biodegradable Materials	483
	3.3 Additive Manufacturing	484
	3.4 The Effects by Combinational Use and the Realization Possibilities	485
	4 Comparison Between Conventional Mechatronic Products and Proposed Products	486
	4.1 Electronic Device Production Process	486
	4.2 Electronic Device Disposal Process	487
	5 Practical Example	488
	5.1 Product Example	488
	6 Conclusions	489
	References	489
	The Monitoring of Three-Dimensional Printer Filament Feeding Process Using an Acoustic Emission Sensor	491
	1 Introduction	491
	2 Component Preparations	493
	2.1 Low-Cost Power Supply	493
	2.2 D-Printed Magnetic Mounting	494
	3 Experimental Methodology	495
	3.1 Experimental Setup	495
	3.2 Attachment Comparison Experiments	496
	3.3 Filament Feeding Condition Experiment	497
	4 Results and Discussion	499
	4.1 Result of Attachment Comparison Experiment	499
	4.2 Result of Filament Feeding Experiment	500
	4.3 Future Work Discussion	501
	5 Summary	502
	References	502
	Selective Volume Fusing Method for Cellular Structure Integration	504
	1 Introduction	504
	1.1 Cellular Structures	505
	1.2 Problem in Modelling and Design	505
	1.3 Scope and Overview	506
	2 System Framework	506
	2.1 Software Tool: Free Form Design	506
	2.2 Libraries	507
	2.2.1 Visualization Toolkits (VTK)	507
	2.2.2 Open Cascade Technology (OCCT)	507
	2.3 Framework	507
	3 Methodology	507
	3.1 Prefabrication Hybrid Geometric Modelling	507
	3.2 Selective Volume Fusing	509
	4 Experiments	512
	4.1 Experiment Method	512
	4.2 Results	513
	5 Conclusions	514
	References	515
	Recovery of Metals from E-Waste Mediated by Molten CRT Lead Glass	516
	1 Introduction	516
	1.1 Treatment of Waste CRT Glass	516
	1.2 Waste Containing Valuable Metals	517
	1.3 Multi-Metal Recovery	518
	2 Experimental	518
	2.1 Materials	518
	2.2 Melting	519
	2.3 Characterization	519
	3 Results and Discussion	520
	3.1 Characterization of the Glassy Phase	520
	3.2 Characterization of the Metallic Phase	520
	3.3 Details of the Chemical States of Each Element by XPS	522
	3.4 Distribution of Elements	524
	3.5 Chemical Thermodynamics of Oxidation Reduction	524
	4 Summary	526
	References	527
	Part V: Strategy for Sustainable Society	528
	Rethinking the Ecodesign Policy Mix in Europe	529
	1 Introduction	529
	2 The Policy Mix in the European Union	530
	2.1 Types of Policies	530
	2.2 Example: Electrical and Electronic Products	532
	3 Approaches for Coordination	532
	3.1 Introduction	532
	3.2 Policy Mix for Innovation Among All Manufacturers on the Market	533
	3.3 Coordination for Addressing Life Cycle Aspects in Various Life Cycle Phases	534
	3.4 Coordination for Radical Innovation	535
	3.5 Horizontal and Vertical Legislation	535
	3.6 EU Policies and National Policies	536
	4 Regulating Products in Systems	536
	5 Concluding Remarks	538
	References	539
	Global Initiative on UPCYCLE Carbon Footprint Certification and Label Systems for Creative Waste Management and Greenhouse Gas...	540
	1 Introduction	541
	2 Development of Upcycle Carbon Footprint Certification and Labeling Systems	542
	3 Requirements of Upcycle Carbon Footprint Certification	542
	3.1 Scraps and Wastes	542
	3.1.1 Ratios of Scraps and Wastes	542
	3.1.2 Sources of Scraps and Wastes	543
	3.1.3 Preparation of Scraps and Wastes	543
	3.2 Upcycling	543
	3.3 Quality	544
	3.4 Creative Design	544
	3.5 Carbon Footprint	544
	4 Case Study	548
	4.1 Product Description	549
	4.2 UPCYCLE Carbon Footprint Compliance	549
	4.2.1 Scraps and Wastes	549
	4.2.2 Upcycling	549
	4.2.3 Quality	550
	4.2.4 Creative Design	550
	4.2.5 Carbon Footprint (CF)	550
	GHG Emissions of Virgin Material Production	550
	GHG Emissions of Waste Disposal	551
	GHG Emissions of Granite Glass from Discarded Glass Bottles	551
	5 Results and Discussions	551
	6 Outlook	552
	References	552
	Sustainable Energy Strategy Primarily Involving Renewable Resources in Japan	553
	1 Introduction	553
	2 Future Energy Demand	554
	3 Renewable Energy Resources	555
	3.1 Renewable Energy Potentials	556
	3.2 Solar Photovoltaic Power	556
	3.3 Wind Power	557
	4 Three Scenarios	558
	5 Dynamic Simulation of Three Scenarios	559
	5.1 Characteristics of Solar Power and Wind Power	559
	5.2 Dynamic Simulation	559
	6 Scenario `B´	564
	6.1 Energy Demand for Vehicles	564
	6.2 Excess Electricity and Hydrogen	565
	7 Scenario `C´	566
	8 Discussions	568
	9 Conclusion	569
	References	569
	Participatory Design as a Tool for Effective Sustainable Energy Transitions	571
	1 Introduction	571
	2 Methodology	572
	2.1 Participatory Process Precedents	572
	2.2 Criteria for Appropriate Methods	573
	2.3 Methodology Used Here	573
	2.4 National Consumer Survey	577
	2.5 Acknowledging Fundamental Limitations	579
	3 Results	579
	3.1 Scenario Development	579
	4 Discussion	583
	4.1 Simple Scenarios	583
	4.2 Feasibility and Indicators of Performance	584
	4.3 Improvements	585
	4.4 Educational Outcomes	585
	4.5 Evidence for Energy Transitions	585
	5 Summary	586
	References	586
	A Fuzzy Monte Carlo Simulation Technique for Sustainable Society Scenario (3S) Simulator	588
	1 Introduction	588
	2 Proposed Simulation Framework	591
	3 Data Module	592
	3.1 Forecasting	592
	3.2 Backcasting	592
	3.3 Sampling	593
	3.4 Data Structure	594
	4 Induction of Possibility Distribution	594
	4.1 The Case of Forecasting	594
	4.2 The Case of Sampling	596
	5 Simulation Process	599
	5.1 Simulation Process for Forecasting	599
	5.2 Simulation Process for Sampling	600
	6 Case Study	601
	7 Concluding Remarks	603
	Appendix A: Fuzzy Number	604
	References	604
	The Minerals-Energy Nexus: Past, Present and Future	606
	1 Introduction	606
	2 Energy Usage for Minerals	607
	2.1 Energy Use in the Minerals Industry	607
	3 Minerals Usage for Energy	611
	3.1 Fuel Minerals	611
	3.2 Nonfuel Functional Minerals	611
	4 Minerals-Energy Nexus and the Future	612
	4.1 Critical Minerals	612
	4.2 Peak Minerals	613
	4.3 Unconventional Resource Impacts	614
	4.4 Considerations for Eco-Design	615
	5 Summary	617
	References	618
	Estimation of Reduction in CO2 Emissions by Using ICT Throughout Japan	619
	1 Introduction	619
	2 Background	620
	2.1 Previous ``Green by ICT´´ Work	620
	2.2 Previous ``Green by ICT´´ Work in Japan	621
	3 Method	621
	4 Results and Discussion	627
	4.1 Results	627
	4.2 Discussion	630
	4.3 Future Prediction	630
	5 Summary	634
	References	634
	The Role of Industrial Design in Effective Post-disaster Management	636
	1 Introduction	636
	2 Post-Disaster Management (PDM) Context	637
	2.1 Response and Recovery Phases	637
	2.2 Complexities in a PDM Situation	637
	2.3 Skills Required in PDM Situations	638
	3 Looking at PDM Through an Industrial Design Lens	638
	3.1 ID Perspectives and Methods	638
	3.2 Design for Sustainability (DfS)	639
	3.3 User-Centred Design (UCD)	640
	3.4 Product-Service System Design (PSSD)	641
	4 Towards an Inclusion of ID Methodologies in PDM Education	642
	4.1 Moving Away from Preconceptions About Design	642
	4.2 Newer Set of Skills for PDM Practitioners	642
	4.3 Design Thinking	643
	4.4 Community-Situated Practices	644
	4.5 Service Design	645
	5 Summary	646
	References	646
	Undergraduate Students Designing Environmental Concern Products: A Case Study in Design Education	648
	1 Introduction	648
	2 Method	649
	3 Design Education for Sustainability (DEfS)	649
	4 Design Education for Sustainability Approaches	650
	5 Students´ Profile	651
	6 Learning Sustainable Design	651
	6.1 DfS Sustainable Design Principles of the Student Team	651
	6.2 Everyday Eco-products in Marketing	652
	6.3 Defining Objectives for Design for Sustainable DfS Products	652
	6.4 Experimental Product Design Based on the Eco-feedback Approach	653
	6.5 Effectiveness of the Design Proposal	654
	7 Discussion	655
	8 Conclusion	655
	9 Future Research	655
	References	656
	Part VI: Eco-innovation Strategy	658
	The Future of Design for Sustainable Behaviour, Revisited	659
	1 Introduction	659
	2 The Past and the Present	661
	3 Method and Limitations	662
	4 Survey Results by Theme	662
	4.1 Contribution to Theoretical Fields	662
	4.2 Research Priorities	664
	4.3 Integration in Business	667
	4.4 Behaviour Versus Practice	667
	5 Location and Position of DfSB	670
	6 Some Thoughts About the Future	671
	References	672
	From Eco- to Sustainable Innovation: Approach and Methodology to Guide Design Initiative into the Innovation World	674
	1 Introduction	674
	2 From Eco-innovation to Sustainable Innovation	676
	2.1 Definitions	676
	2.2 Sustainability as a Key Driver for a New Innovation Scenario	676
	3 Design Methodology for Sustainable Innovation	677
	3.1 Design Research and Sustainable Innovation	677
	3.2 The Need of Methodology	678
	3.3 Contexts and Circumstances	679
	3.4 Data-Driven Process	680
	3.5 Design Methodology Process	680
	4 Sustainable Design Innovation: A Case Study	681
	4.1 The Laboratory	681
	4.2 Case Study: Torino Food Innovation Project	682
	4.3 Torino Food Innovation Development Process	682
	4.4 Torino Food Innovation Results	684
	References	686
	State of the Art of Open Innovation and Design for Sustainability	688
	1 Introduction: Crowd-Based Open Innovation and Design for Sustainability	688
	2 Emerging Tools for Crowd-Based Open Innovation and Design for Sustainability	689
	3 Open Innovation and Design for Sustainability: The Case Study www.innonatives.com	691
	4 Why Innonatives.com? About ``Wicked Problems´´ and Possible Solutions	694
	5 Success and Failure Factors for Crowd-Based Open Innovation and Design for Sustainability	695
	5.1 Awareness and Accessibility	695
	5.2 User Acceptance and Satisfaction	695
	5.3 Language Issues	696
	5.4 Transparency and Trust Issues	696
	5.5 Motivation of Users	697
	5.6 Picking the Right Crowd and Providing Guidance	697
	5.7 Directing, Guiding, and Valuing the Crowd	698
	5.8 How to Formulate Innovation Challenges	698
	5.9 Incentives, Rewards, and Achievement	698
	6 Summary	699
	References	699
	An Analysis of the Ecodesign Scientific Network 1994-2014	701
	1 Introduction	701
	2 Paper Structure and Flow	702
	3 Different Ways to Review Developments in Ecodesign	702
	4 Collaborative Network Studies	703
	4.1 Network Approaches and Types	704
	5 Dataset Description	705
	5.1 The Construction of Networks	706
	5.2 Publication Network	706
	5.3 Coauthorship	706
	6 Data Analysis	707
	6.1 Number of Authors	707
	6.2 Ecodesign Scientific Network Analysis	707
	7 Conclusions and Limitations	712
	References	715
	Recent Developments in Ocean Energy and Offshore Wind: Financial Challenges and Environmental Misconceptions	717
	1 Introduction	717
	2 Current Development in Ocean Energy	719
	2.1 Tidal Barrages	719
	2.2 Modern Ocean Energy Developments	719
	2.3 Offshore Wind Energy	720
	3 Future Potential of Wind and Offshore Energy	721
	4 Challenges and Large-Scale Implementation of OE	722
	5 Environmental Issues	723
	6 Conclusions	725
	References	725
	Renewable Energy Policy Efficacy and Sustainability: The Role of Equity in Improving Energy Policy Outcomes	729
	1 Introduction	729
	2 Aim	730
	3 Methodology	731
	3.1 Equitable Policy Sustainability Framework	731
	3.2 Energy Policy Scenarios	732
	3.2.1 Baseline Scenario	732
	3.2.2 FIT Scenario	732
	3.2.3 Alternative Energy Policy Scenario	733
	3.3 Australian Equity Preferences	733
	4 Results	735
	4.1 Baseline Scenario	735
	4.2 FIT Scenario	737
	4.3 Alternative Energy Policy Scenario	738
	4.4 Comparative Equity Analysis	740
	5 Discussion	742
	6 Conclusion	743
	References	743
	Study on the Diffusion of NGVs in Japan and Other Nations Using the Bass Model	746
	1 Introduction	746
	1.1 Background	746
	1.2 Features of NGV	747
	1.3 Objectives	748
	2 Methodology	748
	3 Results	749
	3.1 Japan	749
	3.1.1 Scenario Description	749
	3.1.2 Result of Scenario 1	750
	3.1.3 Result of Scenario 2	751
	3.1.4 Result of Scenario 3	752
	3.1.5 Summary of Three Scenarios	752
	3.2 Nations Other Than Japan	752
	3.2.1 Nations for Which the Bass Model Was a Good Fit	753
	3.2.2 Nations for Which the Bass Model Was Not a Good Fit	753
	4 Discussion	754
	4.1 Japan	754
	4.1.1 Comparison with the Report from MOE [6, 9], Japan	754
	4.1.2 Realizing Method of Scenario 2	754
	4.2 Nations, Other Than Japan, for Which the Bass Model Was Not a Good Match	756
	4.2.1 China	756
	4.2.2 The United States	756
	4.2.3 Pakistan	757
	5 Summary	758
	References	758
	Key Success Factors of Green Innovation for Transforming Traditional Industries	760
	1 Introduction	760
	2 Method	763
	2.1 Research Framework	763
	2.2 Research Subjects	763
	2.3 Research Tools	763
	2.4 Analysis Method	764
	3 Results and Discussions	766
	3.1 Establishing the Evaluation Indicators of ANP Network Hierarchy Questionnaire	766
	3.2 ANP Model Modification	767
	3.3 The Weight Ranking of Evaluation Indicators of Green Industry Transformation	769
	3.4 Key Success Factors of Transforming Traditional Industries	769
	4 Conclusion	774
	References	775
	Postmodern Dynamics of Innovation and Knowledge in the Context of Sustainable Energy Development	777
	1 Introduction	777
	2 The Economics of Knowledge and Energy Program Needs	778
	3 Dynamics of Knowledge and Sustainable Energy Development	780
	3.1 Knowledge Access and Knowledge Generation	780
	3.2 Provision and Representation of Information	784
	3.3 Knowledge Transformation and Translation	787
	4 Conclusions	788
	References	789
	Part VII: Eco-design of Social Infrastructure	791
	Analysis Modeling for Electricity Consumption in Communication Buildings	792
	1 Introduction	793
	2 Method	793
	2.1 Approach	793
	2.2 Modeling	794
	3 Case Analysis	798
	4 Results and Discussion	799
	4.1 Estimation with Analysis Model	799
	4.2 Analysis of Model Sensitivity	799
	4.3 Energy-Efficiency Benchmark in Communication Buildings	802
	5 Conclusion	802
	References	804
	Research on Evaluation Index System and Comprehensive Evaluation of Typical Eco-Industrial Parks	805
	1 Introduction	806
	2 Development Situation of Ecological Industrial Parks at Home and Abroad	807
	2.1 Development Situation of Overseas Ecological Industrial Parks	807
	2.2 Development Situation and Existing Problems of Domestic Ecological Industrial Parks	808
	3 Eco-Industrial Park Comprehensive Evaluation Indexes System	809
	3.1 Principles for the Eco-Industrial Park Evaluation Indexes System	809
	3.2 Establishment of the Eco-Industrial Park Evaluation Indexes	809
	4 Eco-Industrial Park Comprehensive Evaluation Indexes System	810
	4.1 Selection of Comprehensive Evaluation Method and Construction of Evaluation Model	810
	4.2 Calculation of Weighted Comprehensive Evaluation Indexes	810
	5 Case Study	813
	5.1 Park Profile	813
	5.2 Coordinated Development Degree and Comprehensive Development Level of the Park System	814
	6 Summary	814
	6.1 Analysis of Characterization Factor	814
	6.2 Analysis of Impact Factors	816
	6.3 Analysis of Improvement Strategies	818
	References	818
	The Need to Go Beyond ``Green University´´ Ideas to Involve the Community at Naresuan University, Thailand	819
	1 Introduction	820
	2 Methodology	822
	3 Naresuan University Development of Green University	823
	3.1 Setting and Infrastructure	823
	3.2 Energy and Climate Change	823
	3.3 Waste	825
	3.4 Water	825
	3.5 Transportation	826
	3.6 Education	826
	4 The Need to Go Beyond ``The Green University´´	828
	5 Ideas to Involve the Community	830
	6 Conclusion	832
	References	834
	Sustainability Assessment of High-Rise and High-Density Urban Structures	836
	1 Introduction	836
	2 Evaluation Model of High-Rise and High-Density Urban Structures	837
	2.1 Ratio of Greening and Building Height	838
	2.2 Outer Wall Rate and Building Height	839
	2.3 Green Ratio and Outer Wall Rate	839
	2.4 Economic Value of the Relaxation Volume	841
	3 Case Study	842
	3.1 Targeted Area	842
	3.2 Evaluation	843
	3.2.1 Appropriate Building Height of the Entire Area	843
	3.2.2 Greening Rate of the Entire Area	843
	3.2.3 Economic Value of the Relaxation Volume	843
	3.3 Effect Analysis by Volume Rate Relief for Residential Promotion	844
	3.3.1 Optimization of Greening Rate and Cost	844
	3.3.2 Ratio of Greening	845
	3.3.3 Economic Value of the Relaxation Volume	845
	4 Conclusions	846
	References	846
	Analysis of the Energy Consumption of Building Automation Systems	848
	1 Introduction	848
	2 Use of Building Automation Systems	849
	3 Energy Consumption of Building Automation Systems	851
	4 Odoo House	852
	5 Energy Consumption of the KNX System in the Odoo House	853
	6 Results	854
	7 Conclusion	856
	References	857
	User-Adapting System Design for Improved Energy Efficiency During the Use Phase of Products: Case Study of an Occupancy-Driven...	859
	1 Introduction	860
	2 Background and Related Work	861
	3 Self-Learning Thermostat	863
	3.1 User Profiling	863
	3.1.1 Data Collection	863
	3.1.2 Profiling	864
	3.2 Occupancy Prediction	866
	4 Impact Quantification	867
	4.1 Room Characteristics	867
	4.2 Time Savings	868
	4.3 Assumptions	870
	4.4 Energy and Environmental Impact Savings	870
	5 Conclusions and Future Work	872
	References	872
	A Fully Renewable DC Microgrid with Autonomous Power Distribution Algorithm	875
	1 Introduction	875
	2 Renewable Energy Use for Homes	876
	3 The Open Energy System (OES) Concept	878
	4 Feasibility Study on the Real-Time Simulator	879
	4.1 Power Exchange Control Method	879
	5 Fully Renewable Power System	882
	5.1 FC System Configuration	883
	5.2 Power Distribution Algorithm	884
	5.3 Simulation	884
	6 Feasibility Study in the Real World	886
	6.1 Autonomous Distributed Control System	886
	6.2 Experimental Prototype System	886
	7 Summary	888
	References	888
	Part VIII: Sustainability Assessment and Indicators	890
	Sustainability Indicators: Overview, Synthesis and Future Research Directions	891
	1 Motivation and Problem Statement	891
	2 Background	892
	2.1 Definition of Sustainability	892
	2.2 Definition of Indicators	893
	2.3 Life Cycle Analysis	894
	3 Approach	895
	3.1 Literature Review	895
	4 Results	896
	4.1 Methods and Frameworks	896
	4.2 Methods to Assess Sustainability	896
	4.2.1 Life Cycle Assessment	896
	4.2.2 Life Cycle Costing	897
	4.2.3 Social Life Cycle Assessment	897
	4.3 Synthesised Indicator List	898
	4.3.1 Ecological Indicators	898
	4.3.2 Economic Indicators	898
	4.3.3 Social Indicators	899
	4.4 Comparison with DTU List	900
	5 Agenda for Further Research	901
	5.1 Understanding Sustainable Products and Product Sustainability	902
	5.2 Integrated Product Sustainability Measurement and Design	902
	5.3 Data Management and Analytics	902
	5.4 Model-Based Sustainability Assessment and Design	903
	6 Summary	903
	References	904
	Strategy Planning Before Urban Mining: Exploring the Targets	906
	1 Introduction	906
	2 Exploring the Targets for Recycling: The Concept	907
	3 Criticality Assessment	909
	3.1 Criticality Assessment in Recent Years	909
	3.2 Resource Strategy and Criticality Assessment in Japan	909
	3.3 Japan´s Sufficiency of Mineral Interests	911
	3.4 Criticality Assessment for Japan in 2012	911
	4 Material Flow Analysis	912
	5 Conclusion: Integrating the Criticality Assessment, Material Flow Analysis, and Dynamic Analysis	913
	References	915
	Evaluation of Resource Efficiency of Electrical and Electronic Equipment	917
	1 Introduction	917
	2 Proposal on the Resource Efficiency Index	918
	2.1 Basic Concept of the Index	918
	2.1.1 Eco-efficiency	918
	2.1.2 Resource Efficiency Index	918
	2.1.3 How to Evaluate the Value	918
	2.2 How to Evaluate the Resource Usage	919
	2.3 Proposing the Index for Resource Efficiency	919
	3 Quantification of the Product Value	921
	3.1 Original Product Value	921
	3.2 Product Reuse Value	922
	3.3 Component Reuse Value	924
	4 Resource Efficiency of Mobile Phones	924
	4.1 TMR of Mobile Phones	924
	4.2 Resource Efficiency of the Mobile Phones	924
	4.3 Interpretation of the Result	927
	5 Conclusions	928
	References	928
	Regionalized Input-Output Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Food Production Case Study	930
	1 Introduction	930
	2 Conceptual Considerations	931
	3 Methodology	932
	4 The Comparison of Regional Sustainability	933
	5 Food Industry	934
	6 Summary	937
	References	938
	Spatiotemporal Tools for Regional Low-Carbon Development: Linking LCA and GIS to Assess Clusters of GHG Emissions from Cocoa F...	940
	1 Introduction	941
	2 Methodology	942
	2.1 GHG from Transportation	943
	2.2 GHG from Cocoa Production	945
	2.3 Spatial Autocorrelation (Moran´s I) Analysis	945
	2.4 Incremental Spatial Autocorrelation	946
	2.5 Hot Spot Analysis	946
	2.6 Directional Distribution (Standard Deviation Ellipse)	946
	3 Results	947
	3.1 Spatial Autocorrelation (Moran´s I)	947
	3.2 Incremental Spatial Autocorrelation	947
	3.3 High GHG Emission Clusters: Hot Spot Analysis	947
	3.4 Directional Distribution and Temporal Trends in Hot Spot Location	949
	4 Conclusions	949
	References	951
	Potential for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation at a Typical Roughage Production System in the Japanese Dairy System	952
	1 Introduction	952
	2 Materials and Methods	953
	2.1 System Description	954
	2.2 Evaluation Indicator for Comparing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Roughage Production Systems	955
	2.3 Data Source of Roughage Production Model	955
	2.3.1 Dent Corn Silage (Bale Wrapped Silage)	956
	2.3.2 Hay	956
	2.3.3 Pasture	957
	2.3.4 Whole Crop Rice Silage (Bale Wrapped Silage)	958
	2.4 Data Source of Imported Hay Utilization Model	959
	2.4.1 Production Process	959
	2.4.2 Transport Process	960
	2.5 Data Source of Background Data	960
	3 Results and Discussion	961
	3.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Domestic Roughage Production System	961
	3.1.1 Dent Corn Silage (Bale Wrapped Silage)	961
	3.1.2 Hay	961
	3.1.3 Pasture	963
	3.1.4 Whole Crop Rice Silage (Bale Wrapped Silage)	963
	3.2 GHG/TDN Ratio of Roughage Production System	963
	3.3 Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Between Domestic Roughage Production System and Imported Hay Utilization System	964
	4 Summary	965
	References	965
	Batik Life Cycle Assessment Analysis (LCA) for Improving Batik Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Sustainable Production in S...	967
	1 Introduction	967
	2 Literature Review	968
	2.1 Batik SMEs in Surakarta	968
	2.2 SMEs Limitation in Batik Production	969
	2.3 Environmental Analysis in Textile and Batik Sector	970
	3 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Batik Stamp Production	971
	3.1 Goal and Scope	971
	3.2 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)	972
	3.3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)	972
	4 Analysis and Interpretation	974
	4.1 Environmental Profile Analysis	974
	4.2 Hot-Spot Analysis	975
	4.3 Comparing GWP Energy and Transportation	975
	5 Summary	976
	References	977
	Eco-design and Life Cycle Assessment of Japanese Tableware from Palm-Melamine Bio-composites	979
	1 Introduction	980
	2 Methodology	981
	2.1 Palm Fiber Preparation and Palm-Melamine Composite	981
	2.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)	981
	2.3 Eco-design	982
	3 Results and Discussion	983
	3.1 Palm-Melamine Composite and Quality Test Results	983
	3.2 LCA of Palm-Melamine Composite	983
	3.3 Eco-design of Tableware from Palm-Melamine Composite	985
	3.4 Prototype Production	986
	4 Summary	988
	References	989
	Consumer´s Lifestyle and Its Impact on Eco-product Aesthetics	990
	1 Introduction	990
	2 Literature Review	991
	2.1 Sustainability and Eco-products	991
	2.2 Product Aesthetics and the Environment	991
	2.3 Sustainable Marketing and Consumer Behavior	992
	2.4 Sustainable Consumption and Consumer Lifestyle	993
	3 Research Methodology	993
	3.1 Empirical Design	993
	3.2 Factor Analysis for Eco-product Aesthetics and Consumer Lifestyles	994
	3.3 Cluster Analysis for Grouping Consumer Lifestyle Characteristics	995
	3.4 Cross Analysis for Consumer Lifestyle and Eco-products	996
	4 Conclusion	999
	References	999