Preface	6
	Contents	8
	Keynote Lectures	14
	Hydro-mechanical Behaviour of Unsaturated Argillaceous Rocks	15
	Abstract	15
	Introduction	15
	Material and Methods	16
	Material	16
	Suction Control	16
	Mechanical Test	18
	Experimental Results	18
	Effect of Suction on the Mechanical Behaviour	19
	Microstructural Observations	22
	Acoustic Emission Activity	22
	Conclusions	24
	References	24
	Plastic Deformations of Unsaturated Fine-Grained Soils Under Cyclic Thermo-Mechanical Loads	26
	Abstract	26
	Introduction	26
	A Cyclic Thermo-Mechanical Model for Unsaturated Soil	27
	Constitutive Variables	27
	The Three Bounding Surfaces	28
	Elasto-Plasticity	29
	Test Apparatuses	30
	Test Soils and Specimen Preparation	31
	Test Program and Procedures	32
	Series A: Mechanical Cyclic Shear Tests on CDT at Various Suctions and Temperatures	32
	Series B: Heating and Cooling Cyclic Tests on Loess	32
	Comparisons of Measured and Computed Results	33
	Cyclic Stress-Strain Relations at Various Suctions and Temperatures	33
	Effects of Number of Mechanical Load Cycles on Plastic Strain Accumulation at Various Suctions and Temperatures	34
	Influence of Temperature on Plastic Strain Accumulation	35
	Influence of Suction on Plastic Strain Accumulation of CDT	37
	Volume Change Behaviour of Loess During Thermal Cycles	37
	Summary and Conclusions	39
	Acknowledgements	39
	References	39
	Shale Capillarity, Osmotic Suction and Permeability, and Solutions to Practical Testing Issues	41
	Abstract	41
	Capillary Suction (Pore Water Tension) and Total Suction	41
	Osmotic Suction	44
	Permeability and Pressure Diffusivity	45
	Consolidation Stage and Triaxial Loading Stage	46
	Other Testing and Sample Handling Considerations	48
	References	48
	Modelling the Mechanical Behaviour of Callovo-Oxfordian Argillite. Formulation and Application	49
	Abstract	49
	Introduction	49
	Formulation of the Constitutive Model	50
	Instantaneous Response	50
	Time-Dependent Response	52
	Permeability	52
	Comparison with Experimental Results	52
	Coupled Hydromechanical Analysis of a C Excavation	53
	Concluding Remarks	55
	Acknowledgements	55
	References	55
	Intrinsic and State Parameters Governing the Efficiency of Bentonite Barriers for Contaminant Control	57
	Abstract	57
	Bentonite Structure	57
	State Parameters	59
	Validation of the Solute Transport and Swelling Model	61
	Some Preliminary Comments	67
	References	67
	Multiscale Approach to Micro-Poro-Mechanical Modelling of Unsaturated Shales	69
	Abstract	69
	Introduction	69
	Mathematical Model	70
	Multiscale Representation of Clay-Shale	70
	A Template for Homogenization: From Basic Unit (Nanometer) to Stack of Platelets (Micrometer)	71
	Upscaling from Micro- to Macro-level	75
	Concluding Remarks	77
	Acknowledgements	77
	References	77
	Feature Lectures	79
	Measurement of Supercritical CO2 Permeability in Porous Rock at Reservoir Conditions	80
	Abstract	80
	Introduction	80
	Description of Test Device	81
	Tests on Bentonite and Rock Samples	85
	Conclusions	88
	References	88
	Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Thin Clay Films and Comparison with Molecular Simulations	89
	Abstract	89
	Introduction	89
	Materials and Experimental Methods for Characterization of Hydromechanical Behavior of Self-standing Clay Films	91
	Manufacturing of Samples	91
	Measurement of Elastic and Creep Properties	91
	Computational Methods for Characterization of Elastic and Creep Properties of Clay Particles by Molecular Simulations	92
	Results and Discussion	92
	Elastic Properties of Clay Films and Clay Particles	92
	Creep Properties of Clay Films and Clay Particles	93
	Conclusions	94
	References	95
	Advanced Meso-Scale Modelling to Study the Effective Thermo-Mechanical Parameter in Solid Geomaterial	96
	Abstract	96
	Introduction	96
	Methodology and Mathematical Background	97
	Modeling of Fracture Simulation by LEM	97
	Modelling of Steady Heat Transport by LEM	99
	Coupled Problem of Thermo-Mechanics by LEM	99
	Simulation and Validation	100
	Experimental Setup and Boundary Conditions	101
	Simulation and Results	101
	Conclusion	105
	Acknowledgment	105
	References	105
	Identification of Local Mechanisms in Clays and Energy-Based Modelling	107
	Abstract	107
	Introduction	107
	Material and Experimental Method	108
	Discussion Around the Experimental Results	108
	Mix-Clay Behaviour at the Ultimate Critical State	108
	Mix-Clay Behaviour on Isotropic Path	109
	Micromechanical Approach and Physical-Chemical Effects – Case of Isotropic Loading	111
	Microstructural Properties and Local Equations	111
	Transition from Macro to Micro on the Isotropic Loading	112
	Conclusion	113
	References	113
	Coupled Membrane and Diffusion Testing of Active Clays for Barrier Applications	115
	Abstract	115
	Introduction	115
	Background	116
	Membrane Behavior and Diffusion	116
	Method of Measurement	117
	Results	118
	General Trends in Coupled Membrane and Diffusion Behavior	118
	Effect of Effective Stress and Void Ratio	119
	Limiting Behavior	120
	Summary	121
	References	121
	Evidences of the Effects of Free Gas on the Hydro-mechanical Behaviour of Peat	123
	Abstract	123
	Introduction	123
	Laboratory Tests and Experimental Data	124
	Material Properties and Experimental Set up	124
	Experimental Programme	124
	Isotropic Undrained Unloading	125
	Undrained Shear	126
	Interpretation and Discussion	127
	Concluding Remarks	129
	References	129
	Unsaturated Behavior of Soils and Shales	131
	Use of Psychrometers, Capacitive Sensors and Vapour Transfer Technique to Determine the Water Retention Curve of Compacted Bentonite	132
	Abstract	132
	Introduction	132
	Material: FEBEX Bentonite	133
	Methodology	134
	Results	136
	Summary and Conclusions	137
	Acknowledgements	138
	References	139
	Water Content Effect on the Fault Rupture Propagation Through Wet Soil-Using Direct Shear Tests	140
	Abstract	140
	Introduction	140
	Fault Rupture Tests Results	142
	Soil Response to the Change of Water Content	142
	Direct Shear Test Apparatus	142
	Tests Programs	143
	Direct Shear Test Results	143
	Shear Stress-Strain Curves	143
	Peak Strength Parameters	144
	Conclusion	146
	References	146
	Specimen Preparation Techniques for Testing Fully and Partially Saturated Sands in Dynamic Simple Shear (DSS) Test Device with Confining Pressure	148
	Abstract	148
	Introduction	148
	Dynamic Simple Shear w/Confining Pressure (DSS-C) Testing Device	149
	Fully Saturated Sand Specimen Preparation Techniques	149
	Specimen Preparation for DSS Device w/Confining Pressure	150
	Saturation Setup	151
	Partially Saturated Specimen Preparation Techniques	152
	Resulted Values of Degree of Saturation for Different R Values	153
	Problems Faced During Sample Preparation	153
	Conclusion	154
	Acknowledgement	154
	Measurement of Vertical Strain of Compacted Bentonite Subjected to Hydration Effort on Creep Test	156
	Abstract	156
	Introduction	156
	Soil Materials and Testing Procedure	157
	Soil Material	157
	Modified Creep Test Apparatus	158
	Creep Test	158
	Test Results	160
	The vertical deformations with elapsed time	160
	Conclusions	162
	Acknowledgement	162
	References	162
	Response of Clay Rock to Moisture Change	164
	Abstract	164
	Introduction	164
	Characteristics of Studied Claystones	164
	Stress Concept	165
	Laboratory Observations	166
	Stress Response to Humidity Change	166
	Strain Response to Humidity Change	168
	Influence of Water Content on Strength	170
	Moisture-Enhanced Sealing of Fractures	170
	Conclusions	172
	References	173
	Volumetric Behaviour of Lime Treated High Plasticity Clay Subjected to Suction Controlled Drying and Wetting Cycles	174
	Abstract	174
	Introduction	174
	Material Properties and Experimental Programme	175
	Results Analysis	176
	Conclusions	180
	References	180
	Crack Initiation and Propagation of Clays Under Indirect Tensile Strength Test by Bending Related to the Initial Suction	182
	Abstract	182
	Introduction	182
	Material and Method	183
	Material Properties and Specimen Preparation	183
	Test Equipment	184
	Results and Discussion	185
	Analysis of the Global Behavior	185
	Identification of the Local Behavior Using DIC Calculations	186
	Discussion	186
	Relationship Between Tensile Strength and Water Content	186
	Relationship Between Tensile Strength and Suction	187
	Conclusion	188
	References	188
	Evaluation of the Instantaneous Profile Method for the Determination of the Relative Permeability Function	190
	Abstract	190
	Introduction	190
	Hydromechanical Formulation for Bentonite-Based Materials	191
	Numerical Modelling of an Infiltration Test	192
	Description of the Test	192
	Features of the Analysis	193
	Numerical Results	193
	Evaluation of the Instantaneous Profile Method for the Determination of the Relative Permeability Function	194
	Conclusions	196
	References	197
	Advanced Laboratory Testing	198
	A Double Cell Triaxial Apparatus for Testing Unsaturated Soil Under Heating and Cooling	199
	Abstract	199
	Introduction	199
	A Temperature-Controlled Double Cell Triaxial Apparatus	200
	Calibrations of the Heating/Cooling System and Double Cell	201
	Test Material, Program and Procedures	202
	Volume Changes of Intact and Recompacted Loess During Heating and Cooling	203
	Summary and Conclusions	204
	Acknowledgements	205
	References	205
	A Suction- and Temperature-Controlled Oedometric Device	207
	Abstract	207
	Introduction	207
	Description of Oedometric Device	208
	Temperature Control	208
	Relative Humidity Control	209
	The Oedometric Cell	211
	Comparison with Existing Devices	211
	Results on an Unsaturated Sand	212
	Conclusions and Perspectives	213
	References	214
	Acoustic Emission Technology to Investigate Internal Micro-Structure Behaviour of Shear Banding in Sands	215
	Abstract	215
	Introduction	215
	Experimental Setup	216
	Testing Materials and Apparatuses	216
	Acoustic Emission (AE)	217
	Test Result	218
	Global Deformation Monitoring and Analysis	218
	AE Event Monitoring and Analysis	219
	Conclusion	221
	References	221
	Direct and Indirect Local Deformations of Sand in Undrained Cyclic Triaxial Tests by Image Analysis Technique	223
	Abstract	223
	Introduction	223
	Test Materials, Apparatus and Procedure	224
	Test Procedure of Image Analysis	225
	Experimental Results and Discussion	227
	Conclusions	229
	References	229
	A New Laboratory Setup for Phase Equilibria Studies of Methane Hydrate in Porous Media	231
	Abstract	231
	Introduction	231
	Phase Equilibria in Pore-Space	232
	Preparation	232
	Results	234
	Discussions	237
	Acknowledgment	238
	References	238
	An Experimental Platform for Measuring Soil Water Characteristic Curve Under Transient Flow Conditions	239
	Abstract	239
	Introduction	239
	Experimental Methodology	240
	Soil Column Configuration	240
	Moisture Profile Measurement	241
	Suction Profile Measurement	242
	Accumulative In/Outflow Measurement	242
	Result and Discussion	242
	Validation of Experimental Platform	242
	Preliminary result and reflection of setup problems	243
	Concluding Mark	245
	Acknowledgements	245
	References	245
	Determining Fluid Compressibility and Soil Permeability of Quasi Saturated Sand with the Alternating Flow Apparatus	247
	Abstract	247
	Introduction	247
	Conceptual Model of Quasi-Saturated Sands	247
	The Alternating Flow Apparatus	248
	Model Tests	250
	Compressibility of the Water-Gas-Mixture	250
	Coefficient of Permeability	251
	Finite Element Simulations	252
	Concluding Remarks	253
	References	253
	Effect of Specimen Confinement Method on Simple Shear Test of Clay	255
	Abstract	255
	Introduction	255
	Materials, Apparatus and Procedure	256
	Results	258
	Summary and Conclusions	261
	References	261
	Hydro - Mechanical Behaviour of Shales and Stiff Clays	263
	Fractal Analysis of the Progressive Failure of Shales and Stiff Clays Under Shear	264
	Abstract	264
	Introduction	264
	Fractal Evaluation of the Degree of Cracking	265
	Fractal Dimension Concept to Measure the Degree of Cracking	266
	Fractal Analysis of the Degree of Cracking in a Stiff Clay Subjected to Shear	268
	Conclusions	269
	References	270
	Recent Developments in Measurement and Use of Fully Softened Shear Strength in the USA	271
	Abstract	271
	Introduction	271
	Virginia Tech Workshop	271
	Use of Fully Softened Shear Strength in Practice	272
	Laboratory Test Methods Comparison	274
	Direct Shear Procedures	276
	Correlations for Fully Softened Strength Parameters	276
	Conclusions	278
	References	278
	Chemical Influence of Pore Pressure on Brine Flow in Clay-Rich Material	280
	Abstract	280
	Introduction	280
	Experimental Methods	281
	Results	282
	Discussion	283
	Conclusions	286
	Acknowledgements	286
	References	287
	Development of Classification Charts for Q Index of Shale from the Parameters	288
	Abstract	288
	Introduction	288
	Q Index	289
	Discussion on Q Index Variation and Classification Charts for Shale	289
	Conclusion	294
	References	294
	Exploring Fissure Opening and Their Connectivity in a Cenozoic Clay During Gas Injection	295
	Abstract	295
	Introduction	295
	Air Injection Tests on Boom Clay	296
	Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry	297
	Micro-computed Tomography and Image Analyses	298
	Quantitative Comparison of Both Techniques	299
	Concluding Remarks	300
	Acknowledgements	301
	References	301
	Profiling the In Situ Compressibility of Cretaceous Shale Using Grouted-in Piezometers and Laboratory Testing	303
	Abstract	303
	Introduction	303
	Hydrogeologic Setting	304
	Methods	304
	Results and Discussion	306
	Conclusions	309
	Acknowledgements	309
	References	309
	Influence of Surface Roughness of the Fracture on Hydraulic Characteristics of Rock Mass	311
	Abstract	311
	Introduction	311
	Coupled Shear-Seepage Test of the JAW-600	312
	Composition and Function of the Test System	312
	Preparation of the Fractured Samples with Different Roughness	312
	Experimental Conditions	313
	Experimental Procedure	314
	Analysis of the Influence of Surface Roughness on Hydraulic Opening	314
	Analysis of the Influence of Joint Roughness on Transmission Rate	315
	Conclusions	317
	Opalinus Clay Shale	319
	The Role of Anisotropy on the Volumetric Behaviour of Opalinus Clay upon Suction Change	320
	Abstract	320
	Introduction	320
	Opalinus Clay: Shaly and Sandy Facies	321
	Experimental Methodology	322
	Results	323
	Conclusions	325
	Acknowledgement	326
	References	326
	1D Compression Behaviour of Opalinus Clay	327
	Abstract	327
	Introduction	327
	Tested Shale	328
	Experimental Methodology	328
	Results and Analysis	329
	One-Dimensional Compression Behaviour	329
	Conclusions	333
	References	333
	Consolidated-Undrained Triaxial Test Results of Opalinus Clay and Comparison with Caprock Shales	335
	Abstract	335
	Introduction	335
	Methodology	336
	Sample Characterization	336
	Determination of Appropriate Strain Rate	336
	Sampling and Testing Procedure	336
	Results	338
	Undrained Elastic Parameters and Strength	338
	Stress-Strain Behaviour	340
	Comparison with Caprock Shales	340
	References	341
	One Dimensional Consolidation of Opalinus Clay from Shallow Depth	343
	Abstract	343
	Introduction	343
	Tested Material	344
	Experimental Device and Techniques	344
	Specimen Preparation	344
	High-Pressure Oedometric Cell	345
	Test Results	346
	Lausen Core (Shallow Subsurface)	346
	Comparison with Mont Terri Core	347
	Concluding Remarks	348
	Acknowledgement	349
	References	349
	Lessons Learned from Electron Microscopy of Deformed Opalinus Clay	350
	Abstract	350
	Introduction	350
	Methods	351
	Results and Discussion	352
	Conclusion and Relevance	354
	References	354
	The Rock Mechanical Behavior of Opalinus Clay – 20 Years of Experience in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory	356
	Abstract	356
	Introduction	356
	Sampling and Conditioning of Opalinus Clay	357
	In-Situ Observations and Conceptual Models	359
	Conclusions and Recommendations	360
	References	361
	Advanced Laboratory Testing for Site Characterization and In – situ Application Studies	362
	Cyclic Testing on Low-Density Chalk	363
	Abstract	363
	Introduction	363
	Sampling and Samples Description	364
	Handling	365
	Test Specification	365
	Observations	366
	Discussion	369
	References	370
	Long Duration Oedometric Tests to Analyse the Creep Behaviour of Lacustrine Sediments	371
	Abstract	371
	Introduction	371
	Geological Context	371
	Instrumentation and Methodology	374
	Results and Interpretations	375
	Conclusions	377
	References	378
	Deep Soil Mixing Method for the Bio-cement by Means of Bender Element Test	379
	Abstract	379
	Introduction	379
	Methodology	380
	Testing Materials	380
	Kaolin Clay	380
	Bangkok Sand	380
	Bender Element Test	382
	Test Results	382
	Conclusions	385
	Acknowledgement	385
	References	385
	Studying of Shale Organic Matter Structure and Pore Space Transformations During Hydrocarbon Generation	386
	Abstract	386
	Introduction	386
	Materials and Methods	387
	Research Methods	387
	Experimental Procedure	387
	Samples Collection	388
	Results and Discussions	388
	Conclusions	390
	Acknowledgements	391
	References	391
	On the Application of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation for Soils: A Multiscale Study	392
	Abstract	392
	Introduction	392
	Experimental Details	393
	Materials	393
	Study at the Microscale	393
	Mechanical Testing on Bio-cemented Samples	393
	Scaling-up the Application of the MICP with Two Different Strategies	394
	Strategy 1: Surface Percolation	394
	Strategy 2: Mixing in a Grid of Bores	394
	Results	395
	Study at the Microscale	395
	Mechanical Response Under Drained Triaxial Shear	395
	Upscaling Strategies for the Application of MICP	396
	Strategy 1: Surface Application	396
	Strategy 2: Grid of Injection Points	397
	Conclusions	397
	References	397
	Determination of Intergranular Strain Parameters and Their Dependence on Properties of Grain Assemblies	399
	Abstract	399
	Introduction	399
	Hypoplastic Model	400
	Intergranular Strain	400
	Determination of Intergranular Strain Parameters	401
	Stress Path Experiments	401
	Material Properties	402
	Sample Preparation	402
	Stress Path Controlled Triaxial Test	402
	Results and Discussion	404
	Conclusions	405
	References	405
	Soil-Structure Interactions	406
	Experimental and Numerical Study of the Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Energy Piles for Belgian Practice	407
	Abstract	407
	Introduction	407
	Experimental Test Campaign	408
	Finite Element Model	409
	Comparison Between Experimental and Numerical Results	410
	Conclusions	413
	References	414
	Drained and Undrained Analysis for Foundations Based on Triaxial Tests	415
	Abstract	415
	Introduction	415
	Expected Behaviour of Raft Foundations in Drained and Undrained Conditions	416
	Undrained Consolidated Triaxial Test on Clay	417
	Test Procedure for Normally Consolidated Clay	417
	Results for Normally Consolidated Clay	417
	Test Procedure for Heavily Overconsolidated Clay	418
	Results for Heavily Overconsolidated Clay	418
	Discussion of the Test Results	419
	Analytical Modelling of Raft Foundations in Undrained and Drained Conditions	419
	Conclusions and Outlook	420
	Acknowledgements	422
	References	422
	Impact of Thermally Induced Soil Deformation on the Serviceability of Energy Pile Groups	423
	Abstract	423
	Introduction	423
	Experimental Testing	424
	The Foundation and Site	424
	Features of the Experimental Test	424
	Numerical Modelling	425
	Finite Element Model	425
	Modelling Choices, Boundary and Initial Conditions	426
	Classification of the Numerical Simulation and Material Properties	426
	Comparison Between Experimental and Numerical Results	427
	Conclusions	429
	Acknowledgments	429
	References	430
	Numerical Analysis of Seismic Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction in Soft Soil with Strong Nonlinearity and Its Validation by 1g Shaking Table Test	431
	Abstract	431
	Introduction	431
	1g Shaking Table Test Method	432
	FEM Modelling and Numerical Test	434
	Shaking Table Test Vs. Numerical Test	435
	Conclusions	437
	References	437
	On the Interface Shearing Behavior Between Granular Soil and Artificial Rough Surfaces	439
	Abstract	439
	Introduction	439
	Model Set-up in PFC 3D	440
	Scale Effect	442
	Macroscopic Response of the Soil-Structural Interface	443
	Formation of the Shear Band	443
	Conclusions	445
	Acknowledgements	445
	References	445
	Constitutive and Numerical Modelling of Soils and Shales	447
	Constitutive Framework for Unsaturated Soils with Differentiation of Capillarity and Adsorption	448
	Abstract	448
	Introduction	448
	Thermodynamic Derivation and Justifications	449
	General Assumptions	449
	Macroscopic Mass Balance	451
	Microscopic Mass Balance	452
	Total Input Work to Unsaturated Soils	453
	Conclusions	454
	References	454
	Coupled Analysis of CO2 Injection Induced Stress Variation in the Caprock	456
	Abstract	456
	Introduction	456
	Thermal-Hydro-Mechanical Formulation	456
	Conceptual Model Characteristics	459
	Influence of the Thermal-Mechanical Properties on the Caprock Stability	461
	Conclusion	462
	References	462
	Efficient Parameter Identification for THM Behaviour of Claystone Using Optimization Methods	464
	Abstract	464
	Project Aim	464
	3D Coupled THM-Simulation of a Heater Test	464
	Sensitivity Analysis	466
	Parameter Identification	469
	Conclusions	470
	References	471
	A Thermodynamic Model for Rate-Dependent Geomaterials	472
	Abstract	472
	Introduction	472
	Formulations of the TTS Model for Rate Dependency	473
	Analyses of Rate-Dependent Parameters and Simulations	475
	Conclusions	478
	References	479
	Thermo-Viscoplastic Subloading Soil Model for Isotropic Stress and Strain Conditions	480
	Abstract	480
	Introduction	480
	Thermo-Viscoplastic Subloading Soil Model	481
	Subloading, Dynamic Loading and Yield Surfaces	482
	Viscoplastic Strain	482
	Hardening Laws	482
	Extension to Non-isothermal Conditions	483
	Heating Tests for Different OCR Values	484
	Final Remarks	486
	Acknowledgements	486
	References	486
	Numerical Simulation of Multi-phase Flow in CO2 Geological Sequestration	487
	Abstract	487
	Introduction	487
	Governing Equations for CCS Numerical Simulation	488
	Verification of the Numerical Method	489
	Setup of Model A	489
	Result of Model A	490
	Setup of Model B	491
	Result of Model B	492
	Conclusion	493
	References	493
	Mechanics and Modeling of Cohesive Frictional Granular Materials	494
	Abstract	494
	Introduction	494
	Experimental	495
	Description of Constitutive Model	496
	Results and Discussion	496
	Conclusions	500
	References	500
	Numerical Modelling of Liquefaction Tests of Partially Saturated Sands in CSSLB	502
	Abstract	502
	Introduction	502
	Overview of Cyclic Simple Shear Liquefaction Box (CSSLB)	502
	Numerical Model of CSSLB Test Set-up on Shaking Table	503
	Numerical Model of CSSLB	503
	Partially Saturated Sand Analysis	505
	Numerical Modelling of Cyclic Simple Shear Tests	506
	Dynamic Model (Drained Conditions)	506
	Numerical Analysis Results	507
	Conclusion	508
	Acknowledgement	508
	References	509
	Aspects of Thermal Fracturing of Clays with Electromagnetic Excitation	510
	Abstract	510
	Introduction	510
	Mathematical Model	511
	Electromagnetism	511
	Mass, Energy and Momentum Balance	511
	Coupling Mechanisms	512
	Numerical Study	513
	Physical Model and Input Parameters	513
	Simulation Results	514
	Concluding Remarks	516
	Acknowledgements	516
	References	517
	Reproduction of Discrete Element Model by 3D Printing and Its Experimental Validation on Permeability Issue	518
	Abstract	518
	Introduction	518
	Experimental modeling of numerical simulation	519
	Research scheme	519
	Numerical simulation model made by DEM	520
	Modeling of DEM simulated specimen for 3D printing	520
	3D printing of DEM simulated specimen	521
	Reproducibility of printed DEM specimen	521
	Experimental validation of numerical simulation focusing on permeability	522
	Test conditions of numerical simulation and experiment	522
	Comparison of permeability between numerical simulation and 3D printed material	523
	Conclusion	524
	References	524
	Author Index	526