Preface and Acknowledgements	6
	Contents	8
	Notes on the Contributors	10
	List of Figures	13
	List of Tables	14
	Contested Extractivism, Society and the State: An Introduction	15
	Contentious Politics, Spatial Dimensions and the Political Ecology of Extractivism	19
	The Relationship Between Society and State, State Spaces and Democracy	23
	About the Book	25
	References	29
	Reimagining Extractivism: Insights from Spatial Theory	34
	Introduction	34
	What Is Extractivism?	37
	Theorising the Spatiality of Extractivism	40
	Pathways Towards Re-spatialising Extractivism	42
	The Production of Extractive Spaces	43
	Heterotopic Extractivism	46
	Local States/Spaces of Exception	49
	Conclusions	51
	References	54
	Beyond Curse and Blessing: Rentier Society in Venezuela	58
	Introduction	58
	Natural Resources, Rents and Development: An Overview of Scholarly Debates	59
	Shortcomings of the Current Rentier and Resource Curse Debate	63
	Beyond Curse and Blessing: Analytical Starting Points for a Deeper Understanding of Rentier Societies	65
	A Crucial Case Study: Venezuela’s Rentier Society	67
	The Distribution of Rent Income in Venezuela	68
	Reclaiming the Rent: Oil and Venezuelan Society	71
	Conclusions	75
	References	77
	Ghana – Big Man, Big Envelope, Finish: Chinese Corporate Exploitation in Small-Scale Mining	82
	Introduction	82
	Context: Gold Mining in Ghana	85
	Shaanxi Mining (Ghana) Limited and Resource Conflict	87
	‘Police Arrests (sic.) Assembly Member and 11 Others for Rioting’	87
	Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Upper East and the Arrival of SMGHL	88
	Resistance and Conflict	91
	State Response	94
	Outcomes of Resource Conflict	97
	Corporate Theft?	97
	State Collusion	98
	Opposition Failure	99
	Local Community Fractured	100
	Explaining Outcomes: Corruption, Informality and Neoliberalisation	101
	Corruption	101
	Informality	102
	Neoliberal Resource Governance	103
	State Reconstruction	105
	Marketisation of Social Relations	106
	Conclusion	107
	References	110
	Small-Scale Gold Mining and the State in the Philippines	113
	Introduction	113
	The Informal (Mining) Economy: A Sign of State Weakness?	115
	Joint Extraction Regimes in Compostela Valley’s Underground Economy	117
	Stability and Friction on the Upland Frontier	118
	The Advancing Small-Scale Mining Frontier	119
	The Emergence of a Barangay-Centred Regulatory Order	120
	From Brokerage to Informal Formalisation	122
	Coercion, Legitimacy, and Reciprocity in Joint Extraction Regimes	124
	Mineral Resource Governance and Conflicting Processes of State Formation	127
	Joint Extraction Regimes as a Product of Decentralised State-Building	127
	The Expansion of Large-Scale Mining and the Destabilisation of the Mineral Frontier	128
	Diwalwal, Monkayo Municipality	130
	Pantukan	131
	Conclusion	132
	References	133
	Politics of Scale and Struggles over Mining in Colombia	138
	Introduction	138
	Mining and the Politics of Scale	140
	Participatory Citizenship and Spaces for Participation	142
	Mining and Scalar (Re)configurations in Colombia	144
	Mining Regulations and State Rescaling	145
	Decentralisation, Democratisation and Recentralisation	147
	Struggles over Mining, Scale and Participatory Citizenship: The Case of La Colosa	148
	Multi-scalar Strategies and Alliances	149
	Claiming Rights, Shaping and Linking Spaces Across Scales	151
	Contesting Scalar Orders, Exerting Participatory Citizenship	153
	Conclusion	154
	References	156
	Not All Glitter Is Gold: Mining Conflicts in Burkina Faso	160
	Introduction	160
	Repertoires of Contention and Political Opportunity Structures	162
	Place and Scale	163
	Methodology	164
	Gold Mining in Burkina Faso	166
	Industrial and Artisanal Mining	167
	Societal Reactions and Collective Activities	169
	Spontaneous Confrontations at the Scale of the Mines	169
	Social Movement Organisations at the National Scale	171
	Repertoires of Contention	173
	Window of Opportunity: The Fall of Blaise Compaoré	174
	Conclusion	176
	References	177
	Peasant Movements in Argentina and Brazil	181
	Introduction	181
	Contentious Politics: Opportunities and Threats	184
	The Political Economy of the ‘Pink Wave’: Commodity Exports for Poverty Reduction	185
	Peasant Movements in Argentina: Fighting Two Fronts	187
	The Defensive Front: Violence and Criminalisation	187
	The Offensive Front	190
	Peasant Movements and a ‘Government of Compromise’ in Brazil	193
	Criminalisation and Violence	194
	Political Opportunities for Whom?	195
	Social Conformism	198
	Conclusion	200
	References	202
	Oil Palm Expansion and Peasant Environmental Justice Struggles in Colombia	206
	Introduction	206
	Conceptual Framework	207
	Materials and Methods	210
	Expansion of Oil Palm Cultivation and Three Cases of Land Access Struggles in Colombia	212
	Land, Territory and Environmental Justice	220
	Conclusions	224
	References	224
	Contested Market-Driven Land Reform in Malawi	228
	Introduction	228
	The Experience of the Community Based Rural Land Development Project	230
	Returnees of the CBRLDP: Drivers and Implications	234
	‘Going Back Home’: Social Exclusion and New Land Conflicts	239
	Contemporary Market-Driven Land Reforms	244
	Conclusion	247
	References	248
	Contesting Extractivism: Conceptual, Theoretical and Normative Reflections	252
	Introduction	252
	Contestation over Extractivism: Conceptual Reflections	253
	Contesting Extractivism and Democracy: Theoretical Reflections	257
	The Critique of Extractivism and Its Critical Study: Normative Reflections	260
	References	262
	Index	265