Preface	6
	Conference Organisation	9
	Patron	9
	Steering Committee	9
	Advisory Committee	9
	Conference Chair	10
	Programme Chair	10
	Co-chairs	10
	Workshop Co-chair	11
	International Programme Committee	11
	Conference Secretary	17
	Conference Treasurer	17
	Local Organising Committee	17
	About the Conference	19
	Contents	21
	About the Editors	30
	Eco-design, Sustainable Manufacturing, Design for Sustainability	32
	1 Supporting Environmentally-Benign Design: Environmental Impact Estimation and Uncertainty Categories with Respect to Life Cycle Assessment in Conceptual Design	33
	Abstract	33
	1 Introduction	34
	2 Literature Review	35
	2.1 Solution Description and Environmental Impact Propagation in Conceptual Design Stage	35
	2.2 Environmental Impact Estimation in Conceptual Design and Relevance of Uncertainty Analysis	36
	2.3 Uncertainty in Conceptual Design: Categorisation and Definition	37
	3 ‘Solution Definition’ in Conceptual Design as Evolutionary Precursor to ‘Structure Definition’ in Embodiment Design	38
	3.1 Literature Review: Structure-Definition in Embodiment Design	38
	3.2 Descriptive Study: Mapping ‘Structure Defintion’ to ‘Solution Defintion’	39
	3.2.1 Analysis of Design Sketches	39
	3.2.2 Findings from Design Analysis	39
	3.2.3 Conclusions from the Design Analysis	41
	3.3 Uncertainty Category with Respect to LCA in Conceptual Design	41
	4 Environmental Impact Estimate in Conceptual Design	42
	4.1 Uncertainty Association with Environmental Impact Estimate	42
	4.2 Enabling Pre-emptive, Sound Design-Decisions: Research Value Proposition	44
	4.2.1 Descriptive Study: Analysis of Design Decisions	45
	4.2.2 Observations and Findings from the Design Analysis	45
	4.2.3 Conclusions from the Design Analysis	47
	5 Conclusions and Future Work	47
	References	47
	2 Supporting Sustainable Service-System Design: A Case Study on Green-Roof Design with InDeaTe Template and Tool at Syracuse, New York	49
	Abstract	49
	1 Introduction	50
	2 Case Study: Overview	50
	2.1 Problem Brief	50
	2.2 Design Methodology	51
	2.2.1 Exercise Duration	51
	2.2.2 Participants	51
	2.3 Analysis Methodology	52
	2.3.1 Assessment of Design with Respect to Benchmark	52
	2.3.2 Analysis of Effectiveness of Tool:	53
	2.4 Limitations of the Study	53
	2.5 Key Findings of the Study	53
	3 Literature Review	54
	3.1 Relevance and Need for a Holistic Support	54
	3.2 InDeaTe Tool and Template: A Novel, Holistic Design Support	54
	3.3 Green Roofs: A Literature Survey	55
	4 Design Exercise	56
	4.1 Task Clarification Stage	56
	4.2 Conceptual Design Stage	59
	5 Key Findings	59
	5.1 Design Assessment	59
	5.2 Analysis of Tool	61
	6 Conclusions	62
	References	62
	3 ‘What Ideality Tool’ (WIT) for Product Design Briefs	64
	Abstract	64
	1 Introduction	64
	2 Nature as a Model, Tutor and Scale	66
	2.1 ‘What Ideality Tool’ (‘WIT’) for the Product Design Brief	67
	2.2 How Was the Model Developed?	68
	2.3 Transitioning from a Static Flowchart to a Dynamic Automation Tool	69
	2.4 Research and Test Case Description	70
	2.5 Results	70
	2.6 Criteria and Measuring Process	72
	2.7 Discussion	72
	2.8 Summary and Conclusions	74
	2.9 Suggestions for Continued Research	74
	References	74
	4 Holistic Socio-environmental Design: Practices Through Making, Craft, and Historicity	76
	Abstract	76
	1 Introduction	76
	2 Sustainability: Meanings and Practices	77
	3 Making, Craft, and Historicity	78
	4 Cultural Design Practices	79
	4.1 Food Design: Cycle and Systems	79
	4.2 Textile Design: Khadi and Charkha	80
	4.3 Product Design: Craft	81
	4.4 Building Design: Material, Craft and Local	82
	4.5 Urban Design: Community (Villages, Towns and Cities)	83
	5 Conclusion	84
	References	85
	5 Design for Innovation: Toys for Sustainable Play	87
	Abstract	87
	1 Introduction	87
	2 The Past and the Future of Toys	88
	2.1 Playing in the Antiquity	88
	2.2 Toys Made with Eco-materials and 3D Printed	89
	3 Research Design	90
	3.1 Materials	90
	3.1.1 Ingredients	90
	3.1.2 Processing	90
	3.2 Design and Fabrication	91
	4 The Impact of Toys Design on Environment	91
	4.1 Geometric Box Set	91
	4.2 The Making of Beetroot Dough for Protoparts Printing	92
	4.3 Estimating the Environmental Impact on the Beetroot Dough Processing and the Toy Prototyping	93
	5 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research	95
	References	96
	6 A Story of Languishing Doll: Revival of Cloth Dolls of India	98
	Abstract	98
	1 Introduction	98
	1.1 Dolls of India	99
	1.2 Evolution of Doll’s Body Form	101
	1.3 Cloth Doll	101
	1.4 Making Techniques	102
	1.5 Effect of Industrialisation on Craft	102
	1.6 Revival’s Tale	103
	References	104
	7 Smart-Cities for India: Why not Open-Source Villages?	105
	Abstract	105
	1 Introduction	105
	2 Technological Leapfrogging	106
	2.1 The Indian Scenario	106
	2.2 Telecommunications	106
	2.3 Transportation and Energy	107
	2.4 Governance	107
	3 Smart-Cities, Urbanisation and Development	108
	3.1 Smart-Cities in India	109
	4 Development, Smart-Villages and Panchayati Raj	110
	4.1 Models of Development	110
	4.2 Concerns: Regulatory Frameworks, Language	111
	5 Open-Source Architecture, Settlements and Systems	112
	5.1 Open-Source	112
	5.2 Open-Source Vernacular Architecture and Traditional Knowledge Systems	112
	6 Discussion	113
	7 Conclusion	114
	References	115
	8 Design Intervention for Livelihood and Hygiene for Street Vending of Panipuri	116
	Abstract	116
	1 Introduction	116
	2 Issues of Street Food Vending in India	117
	3 Methodology	118
	3.1 Marketing-Research-Finding Sensitive Visualisation (MRFSV) Online	119
	3.1.1 Genesis of Marketing-Research-Finding Sensitive Visualisation (MRFSV)	119
	4 Results and Discussions	120
	4.1 Design for Panipuri Serving	120
	4.1.1 Prototyping of Panipuri Serving	120
	4.2 Cart Design for Panipuri Vendors	125
	4.2.1 Virtual Model and Mock-up Model of Cart for Panipuri Vendors	126
	5 Economic Justification	128
	6 Future Scope and Conclusion	128
	References	128
	9 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to Assess Energy Neutrality in Occupancy Sensors	130
	Abstract	130
	1 Introduction	131
	2 Working Principle and Design	131
	3 Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Neutrality Concept	131
	4 Methodology of Investigation	132
	4.1 Objective and Scope of Study	132
	4.2 Product Analyzed and Software Used in the Study	133
	4.3 Functional Unit and System Boundary	134
	5 Experimental and Simulation Results	134
	6 Data Interpretation	136
	7 Conclusions	139
	8 Recommendations	139
	References	139
	10 Micro Solar Energy Systems: Product Design Intervention Facilitating Sustainable Development for Rural North East India	142
	Abstract	142
	1 Introduction	143
	2 Resources for Rural Development	145
	3 Social Construction of Design	145
	4 Design Based Rural Sustainable Development Framework	146
	5 Scope of Framework: Design Intervention Attempt	147
	6 Need for Energy Innovation: Prospective Scope	149
	7 Conclusion	149
	References	150
	11 Design for Communities: An Entrepreneurial Approach to Solve the Problems of Society and Environment Fuelled by Product Design	151
	Abstract	151
	1 Introduction	152
	2 Problem Identification	152
	2.1 Plastic Pollution	152
	2.2 Ban on Plastic Bags	153
	2.3 Alternate Carry Bags	154
	3 User Research	155
	3.1 In Detail Analysis of the Situation of Present Day Bag Makers	155
	3.2 Market Requirement	156
	3.3 Need Statement	157
	4 Product and Eco-System Design and Development	157
	5 Conclusions	160
	References	160
	12 Supporting Social Innovation: Application of InDeate Tool for Sustainable Service Design—Case Study of Community Workshops	162
	Abstract	162
	1 Introduction	163
	2 Problem Brief: Case Study of NIF Community Workshops	164
	3 Design Exercise	164
	3.1 Exercise Summary	165
	3.2 Solution of Team 2 (Without Tool)	165
	3.3 Solution of Team 1 (Using InDeate Tool)	167
	4 Discussion	169
	5 Summary and Future Work	173
	Acknowledgements	173
	References	173
	13 Reduction of Environmental Impact of Products Through Hotspot Analysis in LCA	175
	Abstract	175
	1 Introduction	175
	2 Phases of Life Cycle Assessment	176
	3 Goal and Scope Definition	177
	4 Aim and Methodology	178
	5 Data Collection and Analysis	178
	6 Discussion	182
	7 Conclusion	183
	References	184
	14 Koti Banal Architecture of Uttarakhand: Indigenous Realities and Community Involvement	186
	Abstract	186
	1 Introduction	186
	1.1 Research Queries and Investigation	188
	1.2 Methodology	188
	1.3 Conceptual Framework	188
	2 Literature Review	190
	3 Detailed Study of the Selected Cases: Malari, Gainchwan and Purola Villages, Uttarakhand	192
	3.1 Observations and Inferences	196
	3.2 Conclusion	197
	References	197
	15 Assessment of GRIHA and LEED on the Parameters of Sustainable Design and Development of Buildings	199
	Abstract	199
	1 Introduction	200
	1.1 Sustainability Assessment Method 1—Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)	200
	1.2 Sustainability Assessment Method 2—Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)	201
	1.3 The “Dialectical Systems Approach” for Sustainable Building	202
	1.4 Built Environment Shapes Collective Development	203
	2 Methodology	203
	3 Results and Discussions	204
	4 Conclusion Further Work	204
	5 Further Work	207
	References	208
	16 A Concept for Assessing Sustainability—The Sustainability Diamond	209
	Abstract	209
	1 Introduction	209
	2 Sustainability for Product Development	210
	3 State of the Art	211
	4 Conclusion	213
	5 Assessing Sustainability—The Sustainability Diamond	214
	6 Application	215
	7 Conclusion	216
	References	216
	17 Understanding the Hope Harbingers—ASHA, the Women Foot Soldiers of India’s National Rural Health Mission	218
	Abstract	218
	1 Introduction	218
	2 Background	219
	3 Methodology	220
	3.1 Demography of the Study	220
	3.2 Data Collection	222
	4 Key Findings and Discussion	222
	4.1 Motivating Factor—Social Status	223
	4.2 Outcome-Based Payment Structure	223
	4.3 Selection Process of ASHAs	224
	4.4 Efficacy of Training	224
	4.5 Clarity in Responsibilities	225
	4.6 Medium of Collecting Data	225
	4.7 Infrastructure of Health System	225
	5 Conclusion	225
	Acknowledgements	227
	References	227
	18 Supporting Sustainable Product Design: A Case Study with InDeaTe Tool and Template at Washington State University, Pullman, WA	228
	Abstract	228
	1 Introduction	228
	2 Case Study: Overview	229
	2.1 Problem Brief	229
	2.2 Design Methodology	230
	2.2.1 Exercise Duration	230
	2.2.2 Participants	230
	2.3 Analysis Methodology	231
	2.3.1 Assessment of Design with Respect to Benchmark	232
	2.3.2 Analysis of Effectiveness of Tool	232
	2.4 Limitations of the Study	232
	2.5 Key Findings of the Study	232
	3 Literature Review	233
	3.1 Relevance and Need for a Holistic Support	233
	3.2 InDeaTe Tool and Template: A Novel, Holistic Design Support	233
	4 Design Exercise	234
	4.1 Task Clarification Stage	234
	4.2 Conceptual Design Stage	236
	4.3 Embodiment Design Stage	239
	5 Key Findings	240
	5.1 Design Assessment	240
	5.2 Analysis of Tool	240
	6 Conclusions	242
	References	242
	19 Design’s Role in Transitioning to Futures of Cultures of Repair	244
	Abstract	244
	1 Introduction	244
	2 Method	246
	3 Results	247
	4 Discussion	248
	4.1 Key Threads (Fig. 1, Part A)	248
	4.2 Towards Decolonial Design (Fig. 1, Part B)	249
	5 Limitations	251
	6 Conclusion	252
	References	252
	20 Can Interactive Installations Bring About Behaviour Change? Using Interactive Installation to Change Food Waste Behaviours	254
	Abstract	254
	1 Introduction	254
	2 Related Work	255
	3 Primary Research	257
	4 Design of the Installation	258
	4.1 The Final Installation	259
	5 Evaluation Protocol	260
	6 Results	261
	7 Conclusion	262
	Acknowledgements	262
	References	263
	21 Review on Sustainable Lighting Design in Art Galleries to Balance Between Visibility and Conservation of Light Sensitive Art Exhibits	265
	Abstract	265
	1 Introduction	265
	2 Methodology	266
	3 Results	266
	4 Discussion	268
	5 Conclusion	269
	References	270
	22 Meghalaya Tourism: Inculcating Cultural Image in Developing Enroute Mini Halts	272
	Abstract	272
	1 Introduction	272
	2 Literature Review	273
	2.1 Tourism and Cultural Tourism	273
	2.2 Relevance of Hofstede’s Model Cultural Tourism	274
	3 Methodology	277
	4 Results and Discussion	277
	4.1 Data Collected	277
	4.2 Proposed Model	278
	4.3 Formulating Cultural Elements	279
	5 Conclusion	281
	References	281
	23 Challenges to Sustainable Growth of the Micro-scale Kuhila Craft Industry of India	283
	Abstract	283
	1 Introduction	283
	2 Methodology	284
	3 Observations and Discussions	285
	3.1 The Kuhila Handicraft and the Artisan Community	285
	3.2 Economy: External and Internal Barriers	286
	3.2.1 Internal Factors	287
	3.2.2 External Factors	287
	3.3 Ecology: The Dwindling Wetlands	288
	3.4 The Social Fragility	288
	3.5 The Shifting Winds of Cultural Trends	289
	4 Conclusion	290
	5 Future Work	291
	References	291
	24 InDeaTe—A Computer-Based Platform with a Systematic Design Template and a Database of Methods and Tools	293
	Abstract	293
	1 Methods in Design	293
	2 Research Objectives	295
	3 InDeaTe Design Tool: A Template and a Database	295
	3.1 Description of ACLODS	297
	3.2 InDeaTe Template	298
	3.3 Steps of the InDeaTe Design Process	300
	3.4 The InDeaTe Database	302
	3.5 What to Design For?	302
	3.6 How to Design: Analysis of Design Methods to Support Design	302
	4 Case Studies	303
	5 Discussion	303
	6 Summary, Conclusions and Future Work	304
	References	304
	25 Application of InDeaTe Design Tool for Designing Sustainable Products—Case Study of a Natural Water Cooler	306
	Abstract	306
	1 Introduction	307
	2 Design Exercise	307
	2.1 Exercise Summary	307
	2.2 Exercise Duration	307
	2.3 Design Teams	308
	3 InDeaTe Tool	308
	4 Solution Without Tool	309
	5 Solution with Tool	312
	5.1 Task Clarification	312
	5.2 Conceptual Design	312
	5.3 Embodiment Design	313
	6 Analysis of Design Processes	314
	7 Conclusions	315
	References	315
	26 A Methodological Basis to Assess and Compare Manufacturing Processes for Design Decisions	316
	Abstract	316
	1 Introduction	317
	2 Background Review	319
	2.1 Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)	319
	2.2 Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory (UPLCI)—CO2PE! Initiative (Cooperative Effort on Process Emissions in Manufacturing)	320
	2.3 Thermodynamics Approach	320
	2.4 Sustainability Characterization Methodology	321
	3 Comparing Product Life Cycle Assessment Methods	321
	3.1 Comparison on the Basis of Challenges in Development of Measurement Science	321
	4 Discussion	323
	5 Conclusions	325
	References	325
	27 Application of InDeaTe Design Tool for Designing Sustainable Manufacturing Systems—Case Study of a Micro-hydel Turbine	327
	Abstract	327
	1 Introduction	328
	2 Design Exercise	328
	2.1 Exercise Summary	328
	2.2 Exercise Duration	329
	2.3 Design Teams	329
	3 InDeaTe Tool	330
	4 Solution Without Tool	331
	4.1 Current Situation	331
	4.2 Criteria	332
	4.3 Ideas for Improvement	332
	5 Solution with Tool	333
	5.1 Task Clarification	333
	5.2 Conceptual Design	334
	5.3 Embodiment Design	335
	6 Analysis of Design Processes	335
	7 Conclusions	336
	References	337
	28 Supporting Manufacturing System Design: A Case Study on Application of InDeaTe Design Tool for a Smart Manufacturing System Design	338
	Abstract	338
	1 Introduction	339
	1.1 Focus on Smart Manufacturing System Design Problem	339
	2 Research Objective and Methodology	339
	2.1 Problem Statement	340
	3 Design Exercise	340
	3.1 InDeaTe Tool	340
	3.2 Solution Without Tool	341
	3.2.1 Task Clarification	341
	3.2.2 Use of Expert Interview for Task Clarification	341
	3.2.3 Solution Neutral Problem Statement	342
	3.2.4 Idea Generation and Conceptual Design	342
	3.2.5 Detailed Design	342
	3.2.6 Design of Sensor Network Interface Architecture	342
	3.3 Solution Using the Tool	342
	4 Analysis of Design Processes	344
	5 Evaluation of the Exercise with the Template and Without the Template	345
	6 Summary and Conclusions	346
	Acknowledgements	346
	Appendix	347
	References	347
	29 A Gandhian Framework for Social Design: The Work of Laurie Baker and Hunnarshala	349
	Abstract	349
	1 Introduction	349
	2 Methodology	350
	3 Social Design	350
	4 Practices in the ‘Social’	351
	4.1 Hunnarshala	351
	4.1.1 Introduction	351
	4.1.2 Approach, Appearance and Semantics of Building	352
	4.1.3 Campus Planning and Architecture	352
	4.1.4 Material and Construction Methods	352
	4.1.5 Social Inclusion in the Building Design Process	353
	4.1.6 Practice	353
	4.2 Laurie Baker and COSTFORD	353
	4.2.1 Introduction	353
	4.2.2 Approach, Appearance and Semantics of the Building	354
	4.2.3 Campus Planning and Architecture	354
	4.2.4 Material and Construction Methods	354
	4.2.5 Social Inclusion in the Building Design Process	355
	4.2.6 Practice	355
	5 Discussion: Revisiting Gandhi for a Social Design Framework	355
	6 Derivation: Gandhian Framework for Social Design	357
	6.1 Righteous	357
	6.2 Simple	358
	6.3 Empathetic	358
	6.4 Contextual	358
	6.5 Innovative	359
	7 Conclusion	359
	References	359
	30 Closing the Loop: ‘Systems Perspective’ for the Design of Food Packaging to Facilitate Material Recovery	361
	Abstract	361
	1 Introduction	361
	2 Literature Study	363
	3 Method	364
	4 Approach for Closed-Loop Recycling Based Food Packaging	365
	5 Implementation of Closed-Loop Recycling Based Food Packaging	366
	5.1 Identification and Categorization of Requirements	367
	5.2 Design Features	367
	5.3 Barrier Specification	368
	5.4 Material Selection	368
	5.5 Concept Generation	369
	6 Discussion and Conclusion	369
	References	370
	31 Sustainability Definitions—An Analysis	372
	Abstract	372
	1 Introduction	372
	2 Objectives and Methodology	373
	3 Literature Review	373
	4 Analysis	374
	4.1 Number of Definitions	374
	4.2 Chronological Analysis of Definitions	375
	4.3 Analysis of Definitions Based on Different Contexts	375
	4.4 Discussion	378
	5 Conclusion	379
	References	379
	32 French Education System Organization from Secondary School to University to Prepare Future Engineers to Sustainable Development and Eco-design	383
	Abstract	383
	1 Introduction	383
	2 Education for Sustainable Development Issues	384
	3 ESD and Eco-design in French Secondary School Curricula	386
	3.1 Introduction: ESD from Primary to Secondary Schools	386
	3.2 Eco-design Education in Pre-secondary School (Pupils Aged from 11 to 15)	387
	3.3 Eco-design Education in High School (Pupils Aged from 16 to 18)	388
	4 Eco-design in Universities and Engineering Schools	389
	5 Synthesis and Conclusion	390
	References	393
	33 Disassembly for Redesign	395
	Abstract	395
	1 Introduction	395
	2 Disassembly Reasoning	397
	2.1 Framework and Objective	397
	2.2 Living Product Autopsy	399
	3 Case Study	401
	3.1 Context and Objective	401
	3.2 Application of the Living Product Autopsy	401
	3.3 Discussion	403
	4 Conclusion	404
	References	405
	34 A Sustainable, Eco-friendly Charge Storage Device from Bio-charred Jute: An Innovative Strategy to Empower the Jute Farmers of India	406
	Abstract	406
	1 Introduction	406
	2 Generation of ‘High Quality Hollow Carbon Tube’ from Jute to Realize Sustainable ‘Charge Storage Device’	407
	2.1 Bio-charring of Jute to Generate ‘High Quality Hollow Carbon Tube’	407
	2.2 Outlining the Route of Developing Charge Storage Devices from Hollow Carbon Tube Derived from Jute	407
	2.3 Critical Temperature Is 400 °C for Obtaining Hollow Carbon Tube from Jute Bio-charring	408
	2.4 Characteristics of 400 °C Carbonised Jute	410
	3 Search for a Bio-compatible Electrolyte	411
	4 Stability of the Charge Storage Device	413
	4.1 Stability Check by Electrochemical Characterisation	413
	4.2 Investigation Manually by Using Functional Charge Storage Device with Load	414
	5 Proposed Model, Device Architecture and Discussion	414
	6 Conclusions	415
	References	416
	35 Connotations of Ecodesign: A Commentary on the State of Discourse	417
	Abstract	417
	1 Background and Objective of the Study	417
	2 Approach of the Study	419
	3 Observations from the Study: Variety in the Definition of Ecodesign	420
	4 Summary and Points to Ponder	425
	References	426
	Design Creativity, Synthesis, Evaluation and Optimisation	429
	36 A Tool for Generating New and Appropriate Methods for Supporting Various Design Processes	430
	Abstract	430
	1 Introduction	430
	2 Literature Survey	431
	3 Aim and Methodology	432
	4 Database Development	433
	5 Tool Development	434
	6 Evaluation of the Tool	436
	6.1 Results of Evaluation	437
	7 Conclusions	438
	References	439
	37 Learning Aid in Braille and Typography	440
	Abstract	440
	1 Introduction	440
	2 Analysis	441
	2.1 Learning Methods	441
	2.2 Problems	442
	2.3 Statement	443
	2.4 Sampling Unit	443
	2.5 Base Material with Data Analysis	444
	3 Aims and Objectives	445
	3.1 Problem Definition	446
	3.2 Approach	446
	4 Conclusion	447
	5 Future Plans	448
	Acknowledgements	448
	References	448
	38 Designing Learning Experiences for Problem-Solving. About Mindblower	450
	Abstract	450
	1 The Research	451
	2 Mindblower©	454
	2.1 The Learning Experience	454
	2.2 The Standard	456
	2.3 The Products	457
	3 Discussion and Conclusion	457
	References	458
	39 Improvised Concept Development Process in Design Through Product Ingredients	460
	Abstract	460
	1 Introduction	460
	2 Literature Review	461
	3 Proposed Method	463
	4 Implementation and Validation	463
	5 Results and Discussion	468
	6 Conclusions	468
	References	468
	40 Influence of Creative Thinking and Playfulness on Creative Styles of the Individuals	471
	Abstract	471
	1 Introduction	472
	1.1 Playfulness and Creativity	472
	2 Method	474
	2.1 Participants	474
	3 Materials	474
	3.1 Creative Thinking and Playful Activities	474
	3.2 Format and Structure of the Games	476
	3.3 Ratings	476
	4 Procedure	477
	5 Results	477
	6 Discussion	478
	References	479
	41 Idea Inspire 3.0—A Tool for Analogical Design	481
	Abstract	481
	1 Introduction	482
	1.1 Background	482
	2 Methodology	484
	2.1 Multiple Instance, System-Subsystem Model	484
	3 Development of the Tool	486
	3.1 Retrieval of Systems	487
	3.2 Representation of a System	488
	3.3 Adding/Linking a System	489
	4 Summary and Conclusions	490
	References	490
	42 A Matrix Framework Proposal for Evaluating Innovation Criteria of a Design Process Output During Product Conceptualization	492
	Abstract	492
	1 Introduction	492
	2 Review of Literature	493
	3 Adoption of Proposed Metrics	496
	4 Experiments	497
	5 Conclusions	501
	References	501
	43 Design Fixation and Creativity Blocks in Architecture Design Studies	503
	Abstract	503
	1 Introduction	503
	1.1 Creativity Blockages and Design Fixations	505
	1.2 Methodology	505
	2 Experiment and Interpretation-	506
	2.1 Mapping of the Design Process to Identify the Pause Nodes	506
	2.2 Ranking the Mental Blocks and Design Fixation as Per the Level of Complexitied at Various Stages of Design	507
	3 Conclusion	509
	Acknowledgements	510
	References	510
	Bibliography	510
	44 A Framework for Component Selection Based on Multi-attribute Evaluations	512
	Abstract	512
	1 Introduction	512
	2 Master Model Development Using SysML	513
	3 Results and Conclusion	518
	4 Future Perspective	519
	References	519
	45 Conceiving and Applying Relationship Models for Design Strategy	520
	Abstract	520
	1 Introduction	520
	2 HCD and Designing for Complexity	521
	3 Strategy and Experience Design	523
	4 A Framework for Relationships Models in Design Strategy	525
	4.1 Conceptualizing Relationships in Business and Design	525
	4.2 Applying Experience-Led Strategy and Relationship Models	527
	5 Conclusion	529
	References	530
	46 Empower the Future: The Inside Story of Building Creative Space for Sub-urban Kampong’s Children	532
	Abstract	532
	1 Introduction	533
	2 The Research Methods	534
	3 The Inside Story of ‘KaKiKuKeKo’ Project	536
	3.1 ‘KaKiKuKeKo’ PHASE 1: Mapping the Children Playing Activities	537
	3.2 ‘KaKiKuKeKo’ PHASE 2: Prototyping the 3D Interventions	540
	3.3 ‘KaKiKuKeKo’ PHASE 3: Design Implementation	541
	4 DAG Conclusion: Becoming Light for Others	542
	Acknowledgements	543
	References	543
	47 Representing the Effects of Product Architecture for Decision-Making in Conceptual Design	545
	Abstract	545
	1 Introduction	545
	2 Product Architecture in Conceptual Design	546
	3 Product Models in Product Architecture Design	547
	3.1 Progressing with Product Models	548
	3.2 Levels of Product Architecture Design	549
	4 Representing Effects of the Product Architecture	550
	4.1 Meta Model for Integrated Product Architecture Design	550
	4.2 Application Scenario in Conceptual Design	552
	5 Conclusion and Further Work	553
	References	554
	48 Evolution of Design Briefs: Expressions from Professional Design Practice	556
	Abstract	556
	1 Introduction	556
	2 Background Study	557
	3 Our Study	559
	4 Observations	560
	5 Discussion	563
	5.1 Primary Generators in Design Brief	564
	5.2 Types of Design Thinking	564
	5.3 Reframing in Briefs	565
	5.4 Methods to Collaborate with Clients	565
	5.5 Written Versus Verbal Briefs	565
	6 Conclusions and Future Work	566
	References	566
	49 The Effect of Idea Representation Techniques on Design Decisions During Idea Exploration Phase: An Exploratory Study of New Product Design	568
	Abstract	568
	1 Introduction	569
	1.1 Aim of Study	569
	1.2 Visualization in the Design Process	570
	2 Method	571
	2.1 Description of Research	571
	2.2 Procedure and Task	572
	2.3 Data Collection	572
	3 Analysis	572
	3.1 Criteria of Measure	574
	3.2 Analysis and Findings	574
	4 Conclusion	576
	References	576
	50 A Design Evaluation Framework for Developing Communities	578
	Abstract	578
	1 Introduction	578
	2 Review of Terminology	579
	3 Analysis of Previous Projects	580
	4 Relation of Existing Approaches to the Observed Product Categories	581
	5 The Framework	582
	6 Experiment Design	584
	7 Experiment Findings—Task One: Concept Generation	584
	8 Task Two: Concept Evaluation	585
	9 Task Three: Concluding Questionnaire	587
	10 Discussion and Conclusions	587
	References	588
	51 Development and Validation of a Method for Assessment of Novelty and Requirement Satisfaction in Designing	589
	Abstract	589
	1 Creativity	589
	1.1 Novelty	590
	1.2 Other Factors and Degree of Requirement Satisfaction	591
	2 Research Objectives	592
	3 Development of a New Assessment Method for Novelty and Degree of Requirement Satisfaction	593
	3.1 Assessment Method for Degree of Requirement Satisfaction	594
	3.2 Assessment Method for Novelty	596
	4 Evaluation of Proposed Assessment Method: Case Studies	597
	4.1 Results and Discussion	598
	5 Summary, Conclusions and Future Work	601
	Acknowledgements	601
	References	601
	52 Vastu-Purusha Mandala and Web Page Design: Comparison of Tradition and Modernity	603
	Abstract	603
	1 Introduction	604
	1.1 Objective	604
	1.2 Scope and Methodology	604
	2 Web Page Design	605
	2.1 Web Page Layout and Design	605
	2.2 The Golden Ratio	605
	2.3 Rule of Thirds	606
	2.4 Principles of Web Page Design	607
	3 Vastu-Purusha Mandala	607
	3.1 What Is Vastu Purusha Mandala?	608
	3.2 Examples of Vastu Purusha Mandala Based Site/Town Planning	609
	4 Method and Findings	610
	4.1 Comparison of Concepts—Web Page Design and Vastu Purusha Mandala	610
	4.2 Process of Super-Imposition of Concepts	611
	4.3 Results of Concept Comparison	612
	5 Conclusion and Next Steps	613
	Acknowledgements	613
	References	613
	Design Lexicon, Taxonomy, Ontology	614
	53 Review and Classification of Knowledge in Engineering Design	615
	Abstract	615
	1 Introduction	615
	2 Definition of Main Terms	616
	3 Procedure for the Literature Review	617
	4 Literature Review	617
	4.1 Results	617
	4.2 Summary	620
	5 Conclusions	622
	6 Further Work	623
	References	624
	54 Approaches to Parameterization in Architectural Design	626
	Abstract	626
	1 Introduction	626
	1.1 Parametric Architecture	627
	1.2 Parametric Design Process	627
	2 Different Approaches	628
	2.1 Form Imitation	629
	2.2 Form Optimization	630
	2.3 Form Finding	631
	3 Comparison of the Above Discussed Approaches	632
	4 Design Process Along with Data Flow in Each of the Approaches	634
	4.1 Design Process in Form Imitative Approach	635
	4.2 Design Process Involving Parametric Form Optimization	636
	4.3 Process of Form Finding with Parametric Tools	637
	5 Conclusion	637
	Acknowledgements	638
	References	638
	55 Towards Automatic Classification of Description of Analogies into SAPPhIRE Constructs	639
	Abstract	639
	1 Introduction	639
	2 Literature Survey	640
	2.1 Existing Approaches for Retrieval of Analogies	640
	2.2 Common Causal Language	641
	3 Research Question and Objective	643
	4 Methodology	643
	4.1 Collecting Data	643
	4.2 Text Preprocessing, Feature Extraction and Classification	645
	5 Results	647
	6 Discussion	647
	7 Conclusions, Limitations and Future Work	648
	Acknowledgements	650
	References	650
	Design Aesthetics, Semiotics, Semantics	652
	56 What the Statistics Tell Us—How to Use Empiric Data in Design for Emotional Impressions	653
	Abstract	653
	1 Motivation	653
	2 Alternative User Segmentation in Product Development	654
	3 Aggregation and Interpretation of Users’ Attitudes and Values Using Empiric Data Analysis	655
	3.1 The Quantification of Users’ Attitudes and Values	656
	3.2 Linking Emotional Impressions to Product Characteristics Using Hierarchical Product Description	656
	3.3 Investigating Relations Between User Segments and Product Derivatives	657
	4 Statistical Evidence in Similarity Analysis and Automation	658
	5 Conclusion and Outlook	661
	References	662
	57 Hedonic Design. Contributing Factors in Generating Emotional Ties. The Shape as a Contributing Factor in Generating a Hedonic Design	664
	Abstract	664
	1 Introduction	665
	2 Hypothesis	665
	3 Methodology	666
	4 Context	666
	5 Description	667
	5.1 Development	667
	5.2 Creators of Affective Ties	667
	5.3 Subject-Object Interaction	668
	5.4 Approximations in the Subject-Object-Emotion Relationship	670
	5.5 Stimulus Intensity	670
	5.6 Information Consumption	671
	5.7 Appraisal and Appreciation of an Object	672
	5.8 Subject-Object-Social-Integration Relationship	673
	6 Results	673
	7 Conclusions	674
	References	675
	58 Visual Design Considerations for Evoking an Emotional Response Towards Non-personalized Information to Encourage Object Loyalty Amongst Users	677
	Abstract	677
	1 Introduction	677
	2 Preparation of Your Paper	678
	2.1 Research Question	679
	3 Methodology	679
	4 Findings, Analysis and Proposed Solution	680
	5 Scope of the Study	685
	6 Discussion	685
	References	685
	59 Preferences in Recall of Pleasant and Unpleasant Images	686
	Abstract	686
	1 Introduction	687
	2 Method	689
	2.1 Participants	689
	2.2 Materials	689
	3 Procedure	689
	4 Results	690
	5 Discussion	692
	6 Implication for Design	693
	References	693
	60 Attributes and Emotions in Product Form Design: A Survey of Professional Industrial Designers	695
	Abstract	695
	1 Introduction	695
	2 Research Methodology	696
	3 Findings	697
	3.1 Intentions	698
	3.2 Attributes	698
	3.3 Emotions	700
	4 Summary of Findings and Discussion	702
	Acknowledgements	703
	References	704
	61 Inspiration in Product Form Design: A Survey of Professional Industrial Designers	705
	Abstract	705
	1 Introduction	705
	2 Research Methodology	707
	3 Findings	708
	3.1 Sources of Inspiration	708
	3.2 Inspiration Media	710
	4 Summary of Findings and Discussion	712
	4.1 Sources of Inspiration	712
	4.2 Inspiration Media	713
	4.3 Limitations	714
	Acknowledgements	714
	References	714
	62 Modeling Design Strategies for Package Graphics: A Study of Hair Care Products Among Young Indian Users	716
	Abstract	716
	1 Introduction	716
	2 Research Methodology	718
	2.1 Qualitative Content Analysis	718
	2.2 Image Test	719
	2.3 Eye Movement Recorder	719
	2.4 Sampling	719
	2.5 Materials	719
	3 Results and Analysis	721
	3.1 Qualitative Content Analysis	721
	3.2 Qualitative and Quantitative User Evaluations	723
	3.3 Eye Movement Recorder	723
	4 Discussion	724
	References	725
	63 Syncretism 5.0: Could Design Become a Meta-religion for Global Communion?	727
	Abstract	727
	1 Introduction	727
	2 Religion, Secularism and Syncretic Design Dharma	730
	2.1 Understanding Religion	730
	2.2 Understanding Secularism	731
	2.3 Design as a Syncretic Dharma or Meta-religion	732
	3 Manifesting the Design Dharma	734
	3.1 Spreading Design Dharma	734
	3.2 Ubiquitous Applications of Design	735
	4 Conclusion	736
	Acknowledgements	737
	References	737
	64 An Exploration of Design: Based on Pan-Asian Semiotics and Semantics	738
	Abstract	738
	1 Introduction	738
	2 Literature Review	739
	2.1 Triad of Nature—Tradition-Originality	739
	2.2 Pan-Asian Ideology of Tagore-Okakura	740
	2.3 Aesthetics and Design Parameters of Rabindranath Tagore	741
	2.4 Tagore and Okakura: The Triads of Complementarity	742
	3 Ecological Laboratories of Tagore and Okakura	743
	4 Okakura’s Probing for a Better Psycho-somatic Experience	747
	5 Conclusion	748
	References	749
	65 Cultural Construction: Design Aesthetics, Semiotics and Semantics Associated with Masks in Namghar—The Study of Its Design Aspects in the Island of Majuli, India	750
	Abstract	750
	1 Introduction	751
	2 Background	753
	2.1 Culture of Majuli Island	753
	2.2 People of Majuli	753
	2.3 Types of Masks	754
	2.4 Making of Masks	755
	2.5 Material Used in Masks	757
	2.6 Other Material	759
	3 The Ethnographic Illustrative Method	759
	3.1 The Visual Ethnographic Method	759
	3.1.1 Aim and Objective of the Study	759
	3.1.2 Research Questions	761
	3.2 Structure of Masks of Majuli	761
	3.3 Methodology	761
	3.4 Research Processes	762
	3.5 Non-documentation Research	762
	3.6 Documentation Rushes	763
	3.7 Design Intervention	763
	4 Conclusion and Observations	763
	References	765
	66 Bollywood on Television: A Backbone for Creating Social Connect with Indian Audience	766
	Abstract	766
	1 Introduction	766
	2 Aim of the Study	767
	3 Varied Facets of Indian Television Content	768
	3.1 Target Users	768
	3.2 Questionnaire and Data Collection	769
	3.3 Analyzing Patterns	769
	3.4 Results and Conclusions	769
	4 Feasibility of Bollywood Content for TV Apps	770
	4.1 Categorization of Bollywood Content	770
	4.2 Feasibility Analysis for Smart TV Apps	771
	5 Formulation of Protocol	772
	5.1 Point of Intervention	772
	5.2 Category and Format Correlation	772
	5.3 Extended Personalized Experience	774
	6 Conclusion	774
	References	775
	67 Semiotic Analysis of Digital Medium of Education	776
	Abstract	776
	1 Introduction	776
	2 Literature Review	777
	3 Research Question	778
	4 Overview	779
	5 Methodology	779
	6 Findings	779
	7 Proposed Solution	780
	7.1 Story of the Game	781
	8 Conclusion	784
	9 Future Aspects	784
	References	784
	68 Domestic and Global Designs in Hair Care: A Study of Aesthetic Preferences of Indian Users	786
	Abstract	786
	1 Introduction	786
	2 Research Methodology	788
	2.1 Image Test	788
	2.2 Eye Movement Recorder	789
	2.3 Sampling	789
	2.4 Materials	789
	3 Results and Observations	791
	3.1 Image Test	791
	3.2 Eye Movement Recorder	792
	3.3 Design Modification and Surveying	792
	4 Discussion	794
	References	795
	69 Transmutative Visual Culture of Folk Festivals in a Semi-urban Scenario: A Study and Exploration of ‘Magh Bihu’ in Assam	797
	Abstract	797
	1 Introduction	798
	2 Methodology	799
	3 Literature Review	799
	3.1 Folk Festival—Magh Bihu	799
	3.2 Festive Spaces	800
	3.3 Cultural Markers of Bihu	802
	3.4 Transmutative Visual Culture-Magh Bihu	802
	4 Conclusion	804
	References	805
	70 Look at that Sound!—Visual Representation of Sound in Indian Comics	807
	Abstract	807
	1 Introduction	807
	2 Representation of Sound in Comics	808
	3 Samples from Indian Comics	810
	4 Categorization and Analysis of SSW	810
	4.1 Source	813
	4.2 Action	814
	4.3 Temporality	815
	4.4 Psychological Feelings	815
	5 Discussion and Conclusion	816
	References	817
	71 Legibility: Same for All Scripts!	819
	Abstract	819
	1 Introduction	819
	2 Legibility of Typeface	820
	3 Legibility and Visual Form	821
	4 Parameters Affecting Legibility	822
	4.1 Unique Features of Indic Scripts	822
	4.2 Gridlines	823
	4.3 Letter Stroke	825
	4.4 Terminals	827
	4.5 Optical Size	827
	5 Conclusion	828
	References	828
	72 A Preliminary Semantic Study on Communication and Perception of Energy Meter Graphics	830
	Abstract	830
	1 Introduction	830
	2 Literature Survey	831
	3 Exploratory Study on Indian User Groups	833
	3.1 Subjects	833
	3.2 Stimulus Preparation	834
	3.3 Study Procedure	834
	3.4 Data Analysis	835
	3.5 Results	835
	4 Inferences	837
	5 Discussions and Conclusion	838
	Acknowledgements	839
	References	839
	73 Applying Product Semantics to Benchmark Physical Properties of Product Characters Through Design Teaching: Strategies for Shape Coding	840
	Abstract	840
	1 Introduction	841
	2 Literature Review	841
	2.1 Product Semantic Theory-Basic Concepts	841
	2.2 Relevance of Meaning Communication to Product Character Theory	842
	2.3 Impact of Scenario on Character Perception	843
	3 Box Designing Project-General Considerations	844
	3.1 Students	844
	3.2 Teaching Process-National Institute of Design (NID)	845
	3.3 Output-Extracted Physical Properties	846
	4 Teaching Process-University of Madeira (UMa)	848
	4.1 Output-Extracted Physical Properties	849
	5 Final Discussion and Conclusion	850
	5.1 Further Investigation and Future Development	851
	Acknowledgements	851
	References	851
	74 Nature Inspired Design—A Review from an Industrial Design Perspective	853
	Abstract	853
	1 Introduction	853
	2 Review of Terms, Systematic Methods and Tools for Nature Inspired Design	854
	3 Limitations of Systematic Methods	856
	4 Designer’s Approach to Nature Inspired Design	857
	5 Limitations of Designer’s Methods	857
	6 Criticism of Designer’s Methods	858
	7 Researches/Studies that Support Designer’s Methods	858
	8 Conclusion	859
	9 Discussion	859
	References	860
	75 Design as Culture: Understanding Vernacular Architecture of Indigenous Tribal Community of India	863
	Abstract	863
	1 Introduction	863
	2 Methodology	865
	3 An Ethnographic Study of Jenu Kurubas	865
	3.1 Settlement Pattern and Design of Dwellings	865
	3.2 Family Structure, Life-Style and Customs	866
	3.3 Birth, Marriage and Death	867
	4 Structural Semiotic Analysis of Narratives	867
	4.1 The Myth of Origin	867
	4.2 The ‘Aalukoogo’ Bird	867
	4.3 Jenu Kurubas Epic Poem: Tangi	868
	4.4 The Two Brothers Story	869
	4.5 The Mouse Story	869
	5 Discussion	871
	5.1 Geographic Schema	871
	5.2 Cosmological Schema	872
	5.3 Socio-Cultural Schema	873
	6 Conclusion	874
	References	875
	76 Form and Colour—Two Basic Elements of Design	876
	Abstract	876
	1 Introduction	876
	2 Overview	877
	3 Assumptions and Methods	878
	3.1 Definition of a Design Element	878
	3.2 Methods	878
	4 Analysis	879
	4.1 Sequencing of All Design Elements to One Order	879
	4.2 Checking of All Design Elements Against Definition (Criteria-Check)	879
	5 Results and Discussion	883
	5.1 Form and Colour	883
	5.2 Recent Designs Are More Tactile	883
	6 Conclusion and Recommendations	884
	References	884
	77 Spokes Characters of Mascot and Young Consumers’ Perspective Particular Understanding	886
	Abstract	886
	1 Introduction	886
	2 Methodology	889
	3 Results and Discussion	891
	4 Conclusion	893
	Appendix	893
	References	895
	78 The Making Affect: A Co-created Community Methodology	896
	Abstract	896
	1 Introduction: Making Community: The CARE Project	896
	2 ‘I’ve Got Stitch Club’: The Quiet Activism of Amateur Crafting	897
	3 Making Dialogues and Cooperative Communities: The CARE Method for Learning Through Sharing	900
	4 Making by Instruction: Embodied Instruction Through Shared Making	901
	5 Up Close and Personal: Learning and Teaching with I-Cord Knitting	903
	6 The Embroidery Story-Telling Circle: Transitional and Boundary Objects, Dialogic and Dialectic Exchanges	904
	7 Conclusion: Making Things Social: Community Agencies	905
	Acknowledgements	906
	References	906
	Design Training and Education	909
	79 Design Week: A Challenge for Designers and Medical Students	910
	Abstract	910
	1 Introduction	911
	2 Problem-Solving, Creativity and Innovation	912
	3 Study Context (Region, Country)	912
	4 Materials and Methods	913
	4.1 Participants	913
	4.2 Instruments	913
	4.3 Procedure	915
	5 Results	916
	6 Conclusions	918
	Acknowledgements	919
	References	919
	80 Using Senior Design Project to Teach Design for Use of a Mechatronic Device	921
	Abstract	921
	1 Introduction	922
	2 Engineering and Engineering Technology Programs in US Institutions	922
	3 Senior Design Projects in Engineering Technology Department at Old Dominion University	923
	4 Design for Use Design Methodology	923
	5 Design of Solar Powered Autonomous Pool Skimmer	924
	5.1 Solar Powered Pool Skimmer Testing	926
	5.2 Venturi Experiment	928
	5.3 Testing the Final Design	930
	6 Conclusions	930
	References	930
	81 Design Thinking and Creative Problem Solving for Undergraduate Engineering Education in India: The Need and Relevance	932
	Abstract	932
	1 Introduction	933
	2 Design Thinking and Creative Problem Solving	934
	2.1 Design Thinking	934
	2.2 Creative Problem Solving	935
	3 Student’s Perceptions and Reactions	936
	3.1 Research Questions	937
	3.2 Participants	937
	3.3 Method	938
	4 Results	940
	5 Discussion	943
	6 Conclusion	944
	Acknowledgements	945
	Appendix 1: Research Questionnaire	945
	References	946
	82 Design Considerations for Personalized Learning	947
	Abstract	947
	1 Introduction	947
	1.1 Focus of Work	948
	2 Literature Review	948
	2.1 Learning	948
	2.2 Self-directed Learning	949
	2.3 Research Question	949
	3 Quantitative Field Research	950
	3.1 Insights from the Data	954
	3.2 Persona	954
	3.3 Benchmarking of Current Digital Products	956
	3.3.1 Case Study #1 (EDX.org)	956
	3.3.2 Case Study #2 (KhanAcademy.org)	957
	4 Design Framework	957
	4.1 Considerations Gathered for Learning on a Platform	958
	4.2 Designing Learning Tool	959
	4.3 Interface Concepts	960
	5 Conclusion	962
	6 Future Scope	963
	References	963
	83 A Conceptual Model for Introducing Design Thinking in Management Schools	964
	Abstract	964
	1 Introduction	965
	2 Need for Introducing Management Students to Design Thinking	965
	3 Key Aspects to Design Thinking	966
	4 Pedagogical Approaches to Integrate Design Thinking in Management Schools	967
	4.1 Existing Pedagogical Approaches	967
	4.2 Proposed Pedagogical Approaches	968
	5 Case Study	968
	6 Challenges and Key Learnings	970
	6.1 Meaning and Value	970
	6.2 Empathetic Understanding of Stakeholders and Concerns	971
	6.3 Creative Thinking	972
	6.4 Opportunity Identification and Extension	972
	7 Conceptual Model	973
	8 Conclusion	974
	Acknowledgements	974
	References	974
	84 Design Research and the Academy: Research Driven Community Facing Work	975
	Abstract	975
	1 Introduction	975
	2 DSRE Program: Research in Action	976
	2.1 Research, Community and Design Research Pedagogy	977
	3 Conclusion	981
	References	981
	85 Systems Design is Needed for Smart Manufacturing Curriculum to India	983
	Abstract	983
	1 Introduction	984
	1.1 Manufacturing Sector and Indian Economy	984
	1.2 Current Industrial Growth	985
	1.3 Manufacturing Sector	985
	2 The Potential of Indian Manufacturing Sector	986
	3 Areas for Improvement	988
	3.1 Technology Based Manufacturing and Services	988
	3.2 Trade Off Between R&D Costs and Improve Manufacturing Capability	989
	3.3 Need of Innovation	989
	3.4 Skilled Man Power	990
	4 Smart Manufacturing Curriculum	990
	5 Conclusion	991
	References	991
	86 Infusing Design Thinking Mindset in Engineering Education—A Pioneering Step Towards Excellence and Sustainability	993
	Abstract	993
	1 Introduction	994
	2 Objective for Development of Design-Based and Project-Based Learning System at Gujarat Technological University (GTU)	995
	3 Implementation Efforts of Design-Based and Project-Based Learning System at Gujarat Technological University (GTU)	995
	3.1 Curriculum of Design Thinking Process at GTU	996
	3.2 Statistical Analysis About Faculty Development Programs	997
	4 Overall Feedback and Analysis for Design Thinking Process After Semester Examination	999
	5 Conclusion	1001
	Acknowledgements	1002
	References	1002
	87 Rigid Frames and Flexi-Frames—Matchstick Cellular Space-Frames Hands-On Self Realised Learning Approach	1003
	Abstract	1003
	1 Introduction	1003
	2 The Preparation Process for the Matchstick Geometry Structures	1005
	2.1 The Actual Processes and Learning from the Creation of the Cellular Spaceframe Structures	1005
	2.2 The 1st Stage Learning After Construction of the Cellular Structures of the Units	1006
	3 2nd Stage Learning—How These Matchstick Space-Frames Can Be Used as Tool	1007
	3.1 The Creation of Interlocking Geometric Puzzles—Creating Original Nets	1009
	4 How Did Flexiframes Evolve?—3rd Stage Learning and Evolution	1011
	5 Learnings and Conclusion	1012
	5.1 Why It Is Such a Fantastic System of Self Realized Learning	1012
	Acknowledgements	1013
	88 A Novel Frame Work of Design Realization Course at IIITDM Kancheepuram: Critical Evaluation	1014
	Abstract	1014
	1 Introduction	1014
	2 Course Structure and Objectives	1015
	2.1 Theory Course: “Concepts in Engineering Design”	1015
	2.2 The Lab Course: “Design Realization”	1016
	3 Methodology of Course Evaluation	1017
	4 Evaluation and Analysis	1018
	5 SWOT Analysis	1022
	6 Conclusion and Future Work	1023
	References	1024
	89 Students’ Feedback into Enriching Learning Experiences for Design of Smart Devices and Applications	1025
	Abstract	1025
	1 Introduction	1025
	2 Background and Related Work	1026
	3 Methodology	1027
	3.1 Interviews	1027
	3.2 Questionnaire	1028
	3.3 Interaction Analysis	1029
	4 Findings and Analysis	1029
	5 Design Guidelines for Embedding Intelligence	1030
	5.1 Mapping Errors and Instructions to Experimental Task-Flow	1030
	5.2 Defining Intelligent Systems	1032
	6 Conclusion	1033
	References	1034
	90 Erratum to: Connotations of Ecodesign: A Commentary on the State of Discourse	1035
	Erratum to:	1035
	Author Index	1036
	Blank Page	31