Front Cover	1
	Waste: A Handbook for Management	4
	Copyright	5
	Preface	7
	Structure	8
	The authors	9
	Recommendations for Incorporating Waste: A Handbook for Management into Science and Engineering Curricula	13
	e-Community	14
	Acknowledgements	14
	Prologue	15
	Organization	17
	The Challenge	17
	Reference	17
	Contributors	18
	Contents	6
	I INTRODUCTION TO WASTE MANAGEMENT	6
	II Waste Streams	6
	III Best Practice and Management	6
	Part I Introduction to Waste Management	20
	Chapter 1 Trends in Waste Management	22
	1 Introduction	22
	2 The Catalyst for Change	23
	3 Sustainable Development: The Context for Recycling	24
	4 Implementation and Progress	27
	5 Interpretations	29
	References	29
	Chapter 2 Green Engineering and Sustainable Design Aspects of Waste Management	30
	1 Introduction	30
	2 Paradigm Evolution	31
	3 Life Cycle Assessment	33
	4 Sustainability	39
	5 Conclusions	40
	References	40
	Chapter 3 Regulation of Wastes	42
	1 Introduction	43
	2 The Growth of Environmental Regulations	46
	3 Solid and Hazardous Wastes Legislation	48
	4 Clean Air Legislation	49
	5 Water Quality Legislation	53
	6 Environmental Product and Consumer Protection Laws	54
	7 Waste Regulations in Other Countries	57
	8 Conclusions	60
	Appendix 1	61
	Format Of An Environmental Impact Statement	64
	Appendix 2	66
	National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations	74
	Appendix 3	43
	References	77
	Chapter 4 Waste Collection	80
	1 Introduction	80
	2 Materials Collected	82
	3 Collection Systems	82
	4 Modelling Problems and Methods	85
	5 Data Requirements for Modelling	87
	6 Example Studies	90
	7 Conclusion	91
	References	91
	Part II Waste Streams	94
	Chapter 5 Mine Waste: A Brief Overview of Origins, Quantities, and Methods of Storage	96
	1 Origins and Quantities of Mine Waste	96
	2 Waste Characteristics	98
	3 Storage of Fine-Grained Wastes	99
	4 Water Balances for Mine Waste Storages	100
	5 Safety of Mine Waste Storage Structures During Their Operational Lifetime	101
	6 Decommissioning, Closing and Rehabilitating Tailings, and Other Mine Waste Storages	105
	7 Summary	107
	References	107
	Chapter 6 Metal Waste	108
	1 Introduction	108
	2 Scrap Metals	109
	3 Management of Metal Waste	109
	4 Metal Containing Raw Materials for Recycling	110
	5 Machinery and Processes for Scrap Treatment	110
	6 Conclusion	118
	References	118
	Chapter 7 Radioactive Waste Management	120
	1 Introduction	120
	2 Nuclear Waste Treatment and Processing	122
	3 Geologic Disposal	125
	4 Conclusions	127
	References	127
	Chapter 8 Municipal Waste Management	128
	1 Introduction	128
	2 Definition of MSW	128
	3 MSW Management	129
	4 MSW Generation	129
	5 MSW Composition	129
	6 Treatment and Disposal	131
	7 Waste Management and Climate Change	132
	8 MSW Management in Islands and Marine Pollution	134
	9 Introduction to MSW Policy and Legislation	138
	References	142
	Chapter 9 Wastewater: Reuse-Oriented Wastewater Systems—Low- and High-Tech Approaches for Urban Areas	146
	1 Introduction	146
	2 High-Tech Systems for Reuse of Wastewater and Nutrients	147
	3 Urine Diversion with Flush Sanitation	150
	4 Dry Sanitation/Low-Cost Solutions	150
	5 Conclusions	154
	References	154
	Chapter 10 Recovered Paper	156
	1 Introduction	156
	2 Types of Recovered Paper	159
	3 Processing of Recovered Paper	163
	4 Barriers to Recovered Paper Use	166
	5 Conclusions	167
	References	167
	Chapter 11 Glass Waste	170
	1 The Glass Industry	170
	2 Glass Reuse	174
	3 Container Glass Recycling Processes	179
	4 The Future of Glass Recycling	180
	5 Conclusion	181
	Annex A—Sources for Data Presented in Table 8.5	182
	References	183
	Chapter 12 Textile Waste	186
	1 Introduction	186
	2 Technological, Economical, and Ecological Background	187
	3 Textile Waste Treatment Scenarios	190
	4 Discussion	195
	References	197
	Chapter 13 Chemicals in Waste: Household Hazardous Waste	200
	1 Introduction	200
	2 Sources of HHW	200
	3 Types and Quantities of HHW	204
	4 Collection and Disposal Routes	205
	5 Environmental and Health Risks	207
	6 Waste Legislation	208
	7 Management	209
	8 Conclusions	211
	References	212
	Chapter 14 Reusing Nonhazardous Industrial Waste Across Business Clusters	216
	1 Introduction	216
	2 Status of NHIW	216
	3 Industrial Symbiosis	218
	4 The Pattern of Industrial Symbiosis	218
	References	225
	Chapter 15 Construction Waste	226
	1 Introduction	226
	2 Concepts and Definitions	227
	3 Construction Waste Composition and Quantification	228
	4 Construction Waste Source Evaluation	228
	5 Construction Waste Management and Minimisation Approaches	230
	6 Construction Waste Management and Minimisation: The UK Context	231
	7 Discussion and Conclusions	235
	References	236
	Chapter 16 Thermal Waste Treatment	238
	1 Introduction	238
	2 Incineration	240
	3 Types of Thermal Units	241
	4 Thermal Optimization	245
	5 Other Thermal Technologies	247
	6 Conclusions	250
	References	250
	Chapter 17 Thermochemical Treatment of Plastic Solid Waste	252
	1 Introduction	252
	2 Technologies for PSW Management	255
	3 Concluding Remarks	260
	References	260
	Chapter 18 Air Pollution: Atmospheric Wastes	262
	1 Introduction	262
	2 Air Pollution	263
	3 Scale of the Problem	265
	4 Air Quality	268
	5 Air Pollution Control	270
	6 Air Quality Management	281
	7 Conclusions	282
	References	283
	Chapter 19 Ocean Pollution	284
	1 Introduction	284
	2 Sources of Pollutants to Coastal Environments	286
	3 Trace Metals	287
	4 Organic Waste	290
	References	297
	Chapter 20 Electronic Waste	300
	1 Introduction	300
	2 Management of Electronic Waste	301
	3 Disassembly of Electronic Waste	306
	4 Recycling Technology of Electronic Waste	308
	5 Environmental and Health Perspectives Related to Electronic Waste Recycling Activities	312
	6 Conclusions	313
	Acknowledgement	313
	References	313
	Chapter 21 Tyre Recycling	316
	1 Introduction	317
	2 The Tyre: The Raw Material for Recycling	317
	3 Management of Post-Consumer Tyres	318
	4 Material Recycling: Treatments and Technologies	319
	5 Materials Outputs	324
	6 Traditional and Evolving Markets	326
	7 Applications and Products	328
	8 Energy Recovery	335
	9 The Future	335
	Appendix for Further Reading	336
	References	338
	Chapter 22 Battery Waste	340
	1 Introduction	340
	2 Historical Use of Lead	341
	3 Lead-Acid Battery Life Cycle	341
	4 LAB Recycling Rate	342
	5 Opportunities for Lead Recovery	346
	6 Conclusions	346
	References	347
	Chapter 23 Medical Waste	348
	1 Introduction	348
	2 Regulations	349
	3 Definitions of RMW and HCW	351
	4 Example of Volume of Regulated Facilities in the US State of Michigan	352
	5 Regulated Facilities and Types of Medical Waste Generated	352
	6 Approved Methods of Treatment for Medical Waste (United States and Europe)	352
	7 Conclusions and Future Considerations	357
	References	357
	Chapter 24 Agricultural Waste and Pollution	360
	1 Introduction	360
	2 Agricultural Waste	361
	3 Agricultural Pollution	362
	4 Agriculture and Irrigation	364
	5 Agriculture and Salinization	364
	6 Agriculture and Fertilizers	365
	7 Agriculture and Biocides	367
	8 Agricultural Waste Management	368
	9 Agriculture and Climate Change	369
	10 Agriculture and Biotechnology	371
	11 The Way Forward	372
	Acknowledgements	373
	References	373
	Chapter 25 Military Solid and Hazardous Wastes—Assessment of Issues at Military Facilities and Base Camps	376
	References	394
	Chapter 26 Space Waste	396
	1 Introduction	396
	2 The Current Orbital Debris Environment	397
	3 Counter Measures	403
	4 Future Orbital Debris Population and Active Debris Removal	407
	5 Conclusions	409
	References	409
	Chapter 27 Hazardous Wastes	412
	1 Introduction	412
	2 Managing Hazardous Wastes	413
	3 Treatment Technologies	418
	4 Abandoned Disposal Sites	435
	5 Conclusions	441
	References	441
	Chapter 28 Thermal Pollution	444
	1 Introduction	444
	2 Cumulative Effects of Thermal Pollution	445
	3 Thermochemical Pollution	451
	4 Conclusions	462
	References	462
	Chapter 29 Land Pollution	464
	1 Introduction	464
	2 The Land Ethic	465
	3 The Complaint Paradigm	465
	4 Addressing Land Pollution	469
	5 Characterizing Land Pollution	470
	6 Habitat Loss and Destruction	482
	7 Waste Sites	482
	8 Best Practices	484
	9 Conclusions	484
	References	485
	Best Practice and Management	486
	Chapter 30 Landfills – Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow	488
	1 Dumps, Tips, Landfills and Sanitary Landfills	488
	2 Generation and Characteristics of MSW	492
	3 The Generation of Gas in Landfilled MSW	495
	4 The Generation and Pollution Potential of Leachate	496
	5 The Safety and Stability of Dumps and Landfills	500
	6 Conclusion	503
	References	504
	Chapter 31 Pollution Management and Responsible Care	506
	1 Introduction	506
	2 Responsible Care	507
	3 Toxic Release Inventory	513
	4 Emission Factors	514
	5 Preparing Emissions Inventories	515
	6 Responsible Stewardship	519
	References	521
	Chapter 32 Risk Assessment, Management, and Accountability	522
	1 Introduction	522
	2 Risk Estimation	523
	3 Success in Waste Management	527
	4 Making Decisions	532
	5 Exposure Estimation	539
	6 Direct Risk Calculations	546
	7 Risk-Based Cleanup Standards	549
	8 Communication	554
	9 Conclusions	558
	References	558
	Epilogue	560
	References	562
	Index	564
	Color Plates	586