Introduction	12
	Environmental Implications	13
	Chapter 1: Sustainability as a Competitive Business Advantage	22
	1.1 Our Understanding of Sustainability	22
	1.2 European and Worldwide Regulations and Standards	25
	1.2.1 Ecodesign Directive and Implementing Measures	26
	1.2.2 Climate Change	28
	1.2.3 Standardization such as IEC 62430 and Others	29
	1.2.3.1 IEC 62430 – Environmentally Conscious Design (ECD)	30
	1.3 Forecast of Environmental Trends	31
	1.4 Finding the New Business Paradigm	33
	1.5 Getting Assistance	42
	Chapter 2: Situation Analysis	43
	2.1 Corporate Analysis	43
	2.2 Market Analysis	46
	2.3 Product Analysis	49
	2.3.1 Environmental Aspects	50
	2.3.1.1 Analysis of the Product Life Cycle	51
	2.3.1.2 Analysis of Stakeholder Requirements	52
	2.3.1.3 Product Carbon Footprint and Management	54
	2.3.2 Resource Use Efficiency Aspects	59
	2.3.3 Degree of Environmental Hazard Aspects	62
	2.3.4 Extended Material Aspects	63
	2.4 Production Analysis	66
	2.4.1 Information on Materials and Substances	67
	2.4.1.1 Special Information About Materials and Substances	67
	2.4.1.2 Disassembly Analysis of Components	70
	2.4.1.3 Reuse Analysis of Components	70
	2.4.1.4 Organising Recycling	73
	2.4.2 Production Process Analysis	74
	2.5 Management Analysis	77
	2.5.1 Current Situation	77
	2.5.2 Responsibilities	79
	2.5.3 Risk Management	80
	2.6 Conclusion of Situation Analysis	81
	Chapter 3: Strategy Development	85
	3.1 Corporate Considerations	85
	3.2 Market Considerations	89
	3.2.1 Pros and Cons of Environmental Marketing	89
	3.2.2 Elements of an Environmental Marketing Strategy	90
	3.2.2.1 Target Audience	90
	3.2.2.2 The Environmental Message	95
	3.2.2.3 Choosing the Medium	96
	3.2.3 Making the Right Choice	96
	3.3 Product Design Considerations	96
	3.3.1 Pre-study	99
	3.3.2 Staff Training	100
	3.3.3 Support	100
	3.3.4 Product Characteristics	101
	3.3.5 Use-Intensive Products	101
	3.3.6 Raw Material/Manufacturing Intensive Products	103
	3.4 Production Considerations	106
	3.4.1 Factors to Consider in Production	106
	3.4.1.1 Efficient Use of Resources	107
	3.4.1.2 Efficient Use of Energy and Utility	107
	3.4.1.3 Minimization of Emissions	108
	3.4.1.4 Reduction of the Use of Hazardous Materials	108
	3.4.2 Carbon Footprint	109
	3.4.2.1 Quantification of GHG Emission	109
	3.4.2.2 GHG Emission Reduction in the Production Site	109
	3.4.3 Green Supply Chain and Regional/Local Aspects of Production	110
	3.5 Management Considerations	112
	3.5.1 What Approach to Take for Chosen Business Model	112
	3.5.2 Costs	113
	3.5.3 Quality	115
	3.5.4 Technical	117
	3.5.5 Dependability	118
	3.5.6 Management System	119
	3.6 Integrated Strategy	122
	Chapter 4: Action Plan Development	124
	4.1 Corporate Action Plan	124
	4.1.1 Develop Policy and Vision	124
	4.1.2 Involve Staff	125
	4.1.3 Training	126
	4.1.4 Awareness Raising	128
	4.2 Marketing Action Plan	133
	4.2.1 Marketing	133
	4.2.2 Environmental Responses	133
	4.2.2.1 What Is Missing	134
	4.2.3 Information Needs	135
	4.2.3.1 Audiences at the Eco-centric End of the Value Spectrum	137
	4.2.3.2 The Remaining Audiences	137
	4.2.4 Communication Tools	138
	4.2.4.1 Reports on Environmental Performance	139
	4.2.4.2 Rating of Environmental Performance	139
	4.2.4.3 Rewarding Environmental Performance	140
	4.2.5 Conclusions	141
	4.3 Product Design Action Plan	143
	4.3.1 Basic Principles	143
	4.3.2 Example TV-Set	148
	4.3.3 Example Office Chair	149
	4.4 Production Action Plan	154
	4.4.1 Production Information System	154
	4.4.2 How to Build a Green Supply Chain Management System	158
	4.4.3 Operation and Implementation	160
	4.4.4 Carbon Management in the Production Site	160
	4.5 Management Action Plan	165
	4.5.1 Implement Management System	165
	4.5.1.1 Start with Selected Ecodesign Elements and Integrate Them into Existing Management Systems	165
	4.5.1.2 If No Management System Exists, Install Some Rules	166
	What Should Be Done?	169
	How It Can Be Done?	169
	What Has Been Achieved?	170
	Information About Hazardous Substances	171
	Packaging Standard	172
	Other Internal Standards in the Siemens Toolbox	172
	How Is the Standard and the Toolbox Communicated Internally?	172
	4.5.1.3 The Product Profile Definition	173
	4.5.1.4 Implementation of Further Systematic Tools	173
	4.5.2 Extension of the Management System	175
	4.5.3 Target Specification Based on Product Profile	175
	4.5.4 Review of the Results	177
	Chapter 5: Examples	179
	5.1 Conformity Assessment and CE Marking	179
	5.1.1 Regulations and Studies of the EU About Set Top Boxes (STB)	180
	5.1.2 Legal Requirements	181
	5.1.3 Procedures to Affix CE-marking	182
	5.1.3.1 Developing Technical Documentation file of CSTB	183
	5.1.4 Used Batteries Are Special Waste!	192
	5.1.4.1 Measurements Method	192
	5.1.5 Power Consumption Data of CSTB	192
	5.2 Example – Siemens Former Mobile Phone Base Station	194
	5.2.1 Introduction	194
	5.2.2 Target	194
	5.2.3 Examples for Improved Environmental Solutions	195
	5.2.3.1 The Cabinet (Containing Electronics)	195
	5.2.3.2 Energy Consumption	195
	5.2.3.3 Electronic and Software Oriented Tools	196
	5.2.3.4 Improved Reception Sensitivity	196
	5.2.3.5 Innovative Ideas Can Be Found Everywhere	196
	5.2.3.6 Parts and Types Reduction	197
	5.2.4 Summary: Results for Mobile Phone Base Station	199
	5.3 Carbon Footprint, Carbon Reduction Opportunity, and Carbon Management Approach Using Complex Set-Top Box as an Example	199
	5.3.1 Developing Carbon Footprint	199
	Chapter 6: Outlook: Sustainability – What Does the Future Hold?	208
	6.1 Upcoming Challenges	208
	6.2 Consequences	209
	6.3 Conclusions	209
	Ecodesign–The Competitive Advantage	212
	Annexes and Supporting Documents	212
	Annex 1 (to Sections 2.3/2.4)	213
	Annex 2a (to Sections 2.3, 2.4 and 4.3)	214
	Annex 2b (to Sections 2.3, 2.4 and 4.3)	217
	Annex 3 (to Section 2.5)	219
	Annex 4 (to Section 2.5)	220
	Annex 5 (to Section 2.5)	221
	Annex 6 (to Section 2.5)	223
	Annex 7 (to Section 4.1)	224
	Annex 8 (to Section 4.5)	225
	Annex 9 (to Section 4.5)	228
	Annex 10 (to Section 4.5.2)	229
	Annex 11: List of Mentioned Standards	233
	References	235