Title Page	2
	Preface	5
	Contents	9
	Introduction	13
	Notation	13
	Control Systems for IC Engines	16
	Relevance of Engine Control Systems	16
	Electronic Engine Control Hardware and Software	17
	Overview of SI Engine Control Problems	18
	General Remarks	18
	Main Control Loops in SI Engines	20
	Future Developments	22
	Overview of Control Problems in CI Engines	23
	General Remarks	23
	Main Control Loops in Diesel Engines	26
	Future Developments	30
	Structure of the Text	31
	Mean-Value Models	33
	Introduction	34
	Cause and Effect Diagrams	36
	Spark-Ignited Engines	37
	Diesel Engines	40
	Air System	42
	Receivers	42
	Valve Mass Flows	43
	Engine Mass Flows	47
	Exhaust Gas Recirculation	49
	Supercharger	52
	Fuel System	64
	Introduction	64
	Wall-Wetting Dynamics	65
	Gas Mixing and Transport Delays	75
	Mechanical System	76
	Torque Generation	76
	Engine Speed	88
	Rotational Vibration Dampers	93
	Thermal Systems	97
	Introduction	97
	Engine Exhaust Gas Enthalpy	98
	Thermal Model of the Exhaust Manifold	100
	Simplified Thermal Model	101
	Detailed Thermal Model	102
	Pollutant Formation	110
	Introduction	110
	Stoichiometric Combustion	110
	Non-Stoichiometric Combustion	112
	Pollutant Formation in SI Engines	114
	Pollutant Formation in Diesel Engines	120
	Control-Oriented NO Model	122
	Pollutant Abatement Systems	125
	Introduction	125
	Three-Way Catalytic Converters, Basic Principles	126
	Modeling Three-Way Catalytic Converters	129
	Pollution Abatement Systems for Diesel Engines	149
	Discrete-Event Models	159
	Introduction to DEM	160
	When are DEM Required?	160
	Discrete-Time Effects of the Combustion	160
	Discrete Action of the ECU	162
	DEM for Injection and Ignition	165
	The Most Important DEM in Engine Systems	168
	DEM of the Mean Torque Production	168
	DEM of the Air Flow Dynamics	173
	DEM of the Fuel-Flow Dynamics	176
	DEM of the Back-Flow Dynamics of CNG Engines	185
	DEM of the Residual Gas Dynamics	187
	DEM of the Exhaust System	190
	DEM Based on Cylinder Pressure Information	192
	General Remarks	192
	Estimation of Burned-Mass Fraction	193
	Cylinder Charge Estimation	195
	Torque Variations Due to Pressure Pulsations	200
	Control of Engine Systems	202
	Introduction	203
	General Remarks	203
	Software Structure	204
	Engine Operating Point	207
	Engine Calibration	208
	Engine Knock	210
	Autoignition Process	211
	Knock Criteria	213
	Knock Detection	215
	Knock Controller	219
	Air/Fuel-Ratio Control	221
	Feedforward Control System	221
	Feedback Control: Conventional Approach	226
	Feedback Control: $H_\infty$	228
	Feedback Control: Internal-Model Control	240
	Multivariable Control of Air/Fuel Ratio and Engine Speed	250
	Control of an SCR System	255
	Engine Thermomanagement	260
	Introduction	260
	Control Problem Formulation	261
	Feedforward Control System	263
	Experimental Results	266
	Basics of Modeling and Control-Systems Theory	272
	Modeling of Dynamic Systems	272
	System Description and System Properties	281
	Model Uncertainty	287
	Control-System Design for Nominal Plants	290
	Control System Design for Uncertain Plants	299
	Controller Discretization	302
	Controller Realization	312
	Further Reading	314
	Case Study: Idle Speed Control	315
	Modeling of the Idle Speed System	316
	Parameter Identification and Model Validation	325
	Description of Linear System	334
	Control System Design and Implementation	336
	Combustion and Thermodynamic Cycle Calculation of ICEs	340
	Fuels	340
	Thermodynamic Cycles	342
	References	351