|
Preface |
5 |
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Contents |
8 |
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Acronyms |
21 |
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1 Building Information Modeling: Why? What? How? |
24 |
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1.1 Building Information Modeling: Why? |
25 |
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1.2 Building Information Modeling: What? |
27 |
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1.2.1 BIM in the Design Development Phase |
29 |
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1.2.2 BIM in the Construction Phase |
32 |
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1.2.3 BIM in the Operation Phase |
33 |
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1.2.4 Level of Development |
33 |
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1.3 Building Information Modeling: How? |
34 |
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1.3.1 Little BIM vs. BIG BIM, Closed BIM vs. Open BIM |
34 |
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1.3.2 BIM Maturity Levels |
36 |
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1.3.3 BIM Project Execution |
38 |
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1.3.4 BIM Roles and Professions |
39 |
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1.4 State of BIM Adoption |
40 |
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1.5 Summary |
43 |
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References |
44 |
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|
Part I Technological Foundations |
48 |
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2 Principles of Geometric Modeling |
49 |
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2.1 Geometric Modeling in the Context of BIM |
49 |
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2.2 Solid Modeling |
51 |
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2.2.1 Explicit Modeling |
51 |
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2.2.1.1 Boundary Representation Methods |
51 |
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2.2.1.2 Triangulated Surface Modeling |
53 |
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2.2.2 Implicit Modeling |
54 |
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|
2.2.2.1 Constructive Solid Geometry |
54 |
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|
2.2.2.2 Extrusion and Rotation Methods |
55 |
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|
2.2.3 A Comparison of Explicit and Implicit Methods |
56 |
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|
2.3 Parametric Modeling |
57 |
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2.4 Freeform Curves and Surfaces |
59 |
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|
2.4.1 Freeform Curves |
59 |
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2.4.2 Freeform Surfaces |
61 |
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2.5 Further Reading |
62 |
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2.6 Summary |
62 |
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References |
63 |
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|
3 Data Modeling |
64 |
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3.1 Introduction |
64 |
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3.2 Workflow of Data Modeling |
65 |
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3.3 Data Modeling Notations and Languages |
66 |
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3.3.1 Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD) |
66 |
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3.3.2 Unified Modeling Language (UML) |
67 |
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3.3.3 Extensible Markup Language (XML) |
68 |
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3.4 Data Modeling Concepts |
69 |
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|
3.4.1 Entities and Entity Types |
69 |
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3.4.2 Attributes |
70 |
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3.4.2.1 Relationship Modeling |
71 |
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3.4.2.2 Object-Oriented Modeling |
72 |
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|
3.4.2.3 XML Data Modeling |
73 |
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3.4.3 Relations and Associations |
74 |
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|
3.4.3.1 Entity Relationship Modeling |
74 |
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3.4.3.2 Object-Oriented Modeling |
75 |
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3.4.3.3 XML Data Modeling |
77 |
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|
3.4.4 Aggregations and Compositions |
77 |
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3.4.5 Specialization and Generalization (Inheritance) |
79 |
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|
3.4.5.1 Object-Oriented Modeling |
79 |
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|
3.4.5.2 XML Data Modeling |
80 |
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|
3.5 Challenges of Data Modeling in AEC/FM |
81 |
|
|
3.6 Summary |
82 |
|
|
References |
83 |
|
|
4 Process Modeling |
84 |
|
|
4.1 Introduction |
84 |
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4.2 Workflow Management |
86 |
|
|
4.3 Process Modeling |
88 |
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4.3.1 Integration Definition for Function Modeling |
89 |
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|
4.3.2 Business Process Modeling and Notation |
90 |
|
|
4.3.2.1 Flow Objects |
90 |
|
|
4.3.2.2 Pools and Swim Lanes |
92 |
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4.3.2.3 Connecting Objects |
93 |
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|
4.3.2.4 Artifacts |
93 |
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|
4.4 Workflow Management Systems |
95 |
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|
4.5 Execution Processes |
96 |
|
|
4.6 Summary |
98 |
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|
References |
98 |
|
|
Part II Interoperability in AEC |
100 |
|
|
5 Industry Foundation Classes: A Standardized Data Model for the Vendor-Neutral Exchange of Digital Building Models |
101 |
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5.1 Background |
101 |
|
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5.2 History of the IFC Data Model |
104 |
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|
5.3 EXPRESS: A Data Modeling Language for the IFC Standard |
106 |
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5.4 Organization in Layers |
108 |
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|
5.4.1 Core Layer |
108 |
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|
5.4.2 Interoperability Layer |
110 |
|
|
5.4.3 Domain Layer |
110 |
|
|
5.4.4 Resource Layer |
110 |
|
|
5.5 Inheritance Hierarchy |
111 |
|
|
5.5.1 IfcRoot and Its Direct Subclasses |
112 |
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|
5.5.2 IfcObject and Its Direct Subclasses |
112 |
|
|
5.5.3 IfcProduct and Its Direct Subclasses |
113 |
|
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5.6 Object Relationships |
113 |
|
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5.6.1 General Concept |
113 |
|
|
5.6.2 Spatial Aggregation Hierarchy |
115 |
|
|
5.6.3 Relationships Between Spaces and Their Bounding Elements |
116 |
|
|
5.6.4 Specifying Materials |
118 |
|
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5.7 Geometric Representations |
121 |
|
|
5.7.1 Division Between Semantic Description and Geometric Representation |
121 |
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5.7.2 Forms of Geometric Description |
121 |
|
|
5.7.2.1 Points, Vectors, Directions |
122 |
|
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5.7.2.2 Curves in 2D and 3D |
122 |
|
|
5.7.2.3 Bounding Box |
122 |
|
|
5.7.2.4 Surface Model |
122 |
|
|
5.7.2.5 Triangulated Surface Descriptions/Tessellation |
123 |
|
|
5.7.2.6 Solid Modeling |
124 |
|
|
5.7.2.7 Boundary Representation |
125 |
|
|
5.7.2.8 Constructive Solid Geometry |
127 |
|
|
5.7.2.9 Clipping |
128 |
|
|
5.7.2.10 Rotation, Extrusion and Swept Solids |
128 |
|
|
5.7.3 Relative Positioning |
130 |
|
|
5.8 Extension Mechanisms: Property Sets and Proxies |
132 |
|
|
5.9 Typification of Building Elements |
134 |
|
|
5.10 Example: HelloWall.ifc |
136 |
|
|
5.11 ifcXML |
142 |
|
|
5.12 Summary |
143 |
|
|
References |
145 |
|
|
6 Process-Based Definition of Model Content |
147 |
|
|
6.1 Overview |
147 |
|
|
6.2 Information Delivery Manuals and Model View Definitions |
148 |
|
|
6.2.1 Process Maps |
151 |
|
|
6.2.2 Exchange Requirements |
152 |
|
|
6.2.3 Model View Definitions |
152 |
|
|
6.2.4 Level of Development |
156 |
|
|
6.3 Summary |
157 |
|
|
References |
158 |
|
|
7 IFC Certification of BIM Software |
159 |
|
|
7.1 The Aims of buildingSMART Software Certification |
159 |
|
|
7.2 Expectations of Software Certification |
160 |
|
|
7.3 The Principles of IFC Software Certification |
163 |
|
|
7.3.1 IDM and MVD |
163 |
|
|
7.3.2 Test Descriptions and Calibration Files |
164 |
|
|
7.3.3 GTDS Web Platform |
165 |
|
|
7.4 The Process of Software Certification |
167 |
|
|
7.4.1 Export Certification |
167 |
|
|
7.4.2 Import Certification |
168 |
|
|
7.5 Further Aspects of Software Certification |
168 |
|
|
7.5.1 Costs |
168 |
|
|
7.5.2 Transparency and Reproducibility |
168 |
|
|
7.5.3 The Role of mvdXML |
169 |
|
|
7.5.4 The Importance of Software Certification for BIM |
169 |
|
|
7.6 Outlook |
169 |
|
|
7.7 Summary |
172 |
|
|
References |
173 |
|
|
8 Structured Vocabularies in Construction: Classifications, Taxonomies and Ontologies |
174 |
|
|
8.1 Introduction |
174 |
|
|
8.2 Applications of Structured Vocabularies |
175 |
|
|
8.3 Foundations of Structured Vocabularies |
177 |
|
|
8.3.1 Shared Dictionaries |
177 |
|
|
8.3.2 Classification Systems |
178 |
|
|
8.3.3 Ontologies |
179 |
|
|
8.4 Technical Implementations of Structured Vocabularies |
179 |
|
|
8.4.1 Classification Tables |
179 |
|
|
8.4.2 ISO 12006 and bSDD |
180 |
|
|
8.4.3 Semantic Web and Linked Data |
180 |
|
|
8.5 Summary |
183 |
|
|
References |
184 |
|
|
9 COBie: A Specification for the Construction Operations Building Information Exchange |
185 |
|
|
9.1 Introduction |
185 |
|
|
9.2 Information Exchange Projects in the NBIMS |
187 |
|
|
9.3 Workflows and Technologies Behind COBie |
187 |
|
|
9.3.1 Identify Requirements |
187 |
|
|
9.3.2 COBie File Formats |
189 |
|
|
9.3.3 Workflow of Data Transfer |
190 |
|
|
9.3.4 Content of a COBie Spreadsheet File |
192 |
|
|
9.3.5 File Format COBieLite |
194 |
|
|
9.3.6 Structure and Content of a COBieLite File |
195 |
|
|
9.4 Implementation Status |
196 |
|
|
9.5 Summary |
197 |
|
|
References |
198 |
|
|
10 Linked Data |
199 |
|
|
10.1 Introduction |
199 |
|
|
10.2 Concepts of Linked Data and the Semantic Web |
200 |
|
|
10.3 Technology: The Semantic Web Stack |
202 |
|
|
10.4 Linked Data in AEC/FM |
204 |
|
|
10.5 Multiple Interlinked Models |
206 |
|
|
10.6 Dynamic, Semantic Model Extensions |
209 |
|
|
10.7 Querying and Reasoning |
212 |
|
|
10.8 Summary |
213 |
|
|
References |
214 |
|
|
11 Modeling Cities and Landscapes in 3D with CityGML |
216 |
|
|
11.1 Introduction |
216 |
|
|
11.2 What Is CityGML? A Short Introduction |
218 |
|
|
11.2.1 Implementation |
218 |
|
|
11.2.2 Geometry |
219 |
|
|
11.3 LoD in CityGML |
219 |
|
|
11.4 Validation of CityGML Datasets |
221 |
|
|
11.5 Viewing CityGML Data Over the Web |
223 |
|
|
11.6 Applications of 3D City Models |
225 |
|
|
11.7 BIM and 3D GIS Integrations: IFC and CityGML |
226 |
|
|
11.8 BIM and 3D GIS: BIM gbXML and CityGML |
228 |
|
|
11.9 Summary |
229 |
|
|
References |
230 |
|
|
12 BIM Programming |
233 |
|
|
12.1 Introduction |
233 |
|
|
12.2 Procedures for Accessing Data in the STEP Format |
234 |
|
|
12.2.1 Early Binding |
234 |
|
|
12.2.2 Late Binding |
236 |
|
|
12.3 Accessing XML Encoded IFC Data |
238 |
|
|
12.4 Interpretation of IFC Geometry Information |
239 |
|
|
12.5 Add-In Development for Commercial BIM Applications |
242 |
|
|
12.6 Cloud-Based Platforms |
243 |
|
|
12.7 Visual Programming |
244 |
|
|
12.8 Summary |
246 |
|
|
References |
247 |
|
|
Part III BIM-Based Collaboration |
248 |
|
|
13 BIM Project Management |
249 |
|
|
13.1 Introduction |
249 |
|
|
13.2 Participants and Perspectives |
251 |
|
|
13.3 Information Requirements and Models |
252 |
|
|
13.3.1 Organizational Information Requirements |
253 |
|
|
13.3.2 Project Information Requirements/Model |
253 |
|
|
13.3.3 Asset Information Requirements/Model |
254 |
|
|
13.3.4 Exchange Information Requirements |
254 |
|
|
13.3.5 Information Requirements Over the Asset LifeCycle |
254 |
|
|
13.3.6 BIM Execution Plan |
255 |
|
|
13.3.7 Task Information Delivery Plan |
256 |
|
|
13.3.8 Master Information Delivery Plan |
257 |
|
|
13.4 Collaborative Production of Information |
257 |
|
|
13.4.1 Information Management in the Project DeliveryPhase |
257 |
|
|
13.4.2 Roles During the Production of Information |
260 |
|
|
13.5 Container-Based Collaboration |
262 |
|
|
13.6 Summary |
263 |
|
|
References |
263 |
|
|
14 Collaborative Data Management |
264 |
|
|
14.1 Introduction |
265 |
|
|
14.2 BIM Information Resources |
266 |
|
|
14.2.1 Metadata |
266 |
|
|
14.2.2 Level of Aggregation |
267 |
|
|
14.2.3 Digital Building Models |
267 |
|
|
14.2.4 Information in Model Coordination and Model Management |
270 |
|
|
14.3 The Requirements of Cooperative Data Management |
272 |
|
|
14.4 Communication and Cooperation |
273 |
|
|
14.4.1 Concurrency Control |
275 |
|
|
14.4.2 Roles and Rights |
277 |
|
|
14.4.3 Versioning |
278 |
|
|
14.4.4 Approval and Archiving |
280 |
|
|
14.5 Software Systems for Collaborative Work Using BIM Data |
281 |
|
|
14.5.1 Common File Repository |
281 |
|
|
14.5.2 Document Management Systems |
282 |
|
|
14.5.3 Internet-Based Project Platforms |
283 |
|
|
14.5.4 Product Data Management Systems |
284 |
|
|
14.5.5 Proprietary BIM Servers |
285 |
|
|
14.5.6 Product Model Servers |
286 |
|
|
14.6 Summary |
288 |
|
|
References |
289 |
|
|
15 Common Data Environment |
291 |
|
|
15.1 Introduction |
292 |
|
|
15.2 Basic Technical Aspects |
293 |
|
|
15.2.1 Data Repository |
294 |
|
|
15.2.2 Data Structuring |
295 |
|
|
15.2.3 Access Rights Administration |
298 |
|
|
15.2.4 Workflows and Information Delivery |
298 |
|
|
15.2.5 Version and Documentation Management |
299 |
|
|
15.2.6 Status Management |
299 |
|
|
15.2.7 Filtering |
300 |
|
|
15.2.8 Project Communication |
301 |
|
|
15.2.9 Quality Checks and Maintaining Model Quality |
301 |
|
|
15.3 Summary |
303 |
|
|
References |
303 |
|
|
16 BIM Manager |
304 |
|
|
16.1 BIM Manager: A New Role |
304 |
|
|
16.2 The BIM Manager as a Key to Success |
306 |
|
|
16.3 Tasks of a BIM Manager |
307 |
|
|
16.4 Competences of a BIM Manager |
309 |
|
|
16.5 Distinction Between BIM Manager and Other BIM Functions |
309 |
|
|
16.6 The BIM Manager's Place in the Project Organization |
310 |
|
|
16.7 Summary |
312 |
|
|
References |
313 |
|
|
17 Integrating BIM in Construction Contracts |
314 |
|
|
17.1 Introduction |
314 |
|
|
17.2 Contract Systems |
315 |
|
|
17.3 Work Organisation and Process Details |
317 |
|
|
17.4 Rights to Data |
319 |
|
|
17.5 Liability |
320 |
|
|
17.6 BIM Management |
322 |
|
|
17.7 Summary |
323 |
|
|
References |
324 |
|
|
Part IV BIM Use Cases |
326 |
|
|
18 BIM-Based Design Coordination |
327 |
|
|
18.1 Model Support in Coordination |
327 |
|
|
18.2 Clash Detection |
328 |
|
|
18.3 4D Construction Process Animation |
332 |
|
|
18.4 Model Checking |
336 |
|
|
18.5 Summary |
337 |
|
|
19 BIM for Structural Engineering |
338 |
|
|
19.1 Introduction |
338 |
|
|
19.2 Geometric and Analytical Model |
338 |
|
|
19.3 Structural Engineering Workflow |
339 |
|
|
19.3.1 Advance Planning, Structural Engineering Drafting |
339 |
|
|
19.3.2 Permitting Planning |
340 |
|
|
19.3.3 Construction Planning |
342 |
|
|
19.3.3.1 Formwork Drawings |
342 |
|
|
19.3.3.2 Reinforcement Model |
342 |
|
|
19.3.3.3 Reinforcement Drawings |
343 |
|
|
19.4 Summary |
344 |
|
|
20 BIM for Energy Analysis |
346 |
|
|
20.1 Problem Description and Definition |
346 |
|
|
20.2 Energy Demand Calculation and Building ServicesEngineering |
347 |
|
|
20.3 Data Exchange and Software-Support |
348 |
|
|
20.3.1 Formats for the Exchange of Energy-Related Building and Facility Data Using BIM |
348 |
|
|
20.3.2 Required Definitions |
349 |
|
|
20.3.3 Software-Support for the Tasks of Dimensioning, Energy Demand Calculation, and Building Simulation |
350 |
|
|
20.4 Process Chain: Use of BIM for the Tasks of Energy Demand Calculation and Building Simulation |
352 |
|
|
20.5 Summary |
354 |
|
|
References |
355 |
|
|
21 BIM for Construction Safety and Health |
357 |
|
|
21.1 Introduction |
357 |
|
|
21.2 Accident Statistics and Root Causes |
358 |
|
|
21.3 Legal Obligations and Responsibilities Differ by Country |
360 |
|
|
21.4 Problems in the State-of-the-Art Safety Planning |
361 |
|
|
21.5 Integrating BIM in the Safety Planning Process |
363 |
|
|
21.6 Safety and BIM in the Project Lifecycle |
364 |
|
|
21.7 Safety Rule Checking in BIM |
365 |
|
|
21.8 Real World Applications of Safety Rule Checking in BIM |
367 |
|
|
21.9 Return on Investment |
369 |
|
|
21.10 The Future Role of BIM in Safety and Health Planning |
370 |
|
|
21.11 Summary |
371 |
|
|
References |
372 |
|
|
22 BIM-Based Code Compliance Checking |
374 |
|
|
22.1 Introduction |
374 |
|
|
22.2 Challenges of Automated Code Compliance Checking |
376 |
|
|
22.3 Formal and Content-Related Correctness of Building Models |
378 |
|
|
22.4 Selected Software Products |
379 |
|
|
22.4.1 CORENET |
380 |
|
|
22.4.2 Jotne Express Data Manager |
381 |
|
|
22.4.3 BIM Assure |
382 |
|
|
22.4.4 Solibri Model Checker |
382 |
|
|
22.5 Current Research |
384 |
|
|
22.6 Summary |
386 |
|
|
References |
387 |
|
|
23 BIM-Based Quantity Take-Off |
389 |
|
|
23.1 Introduction |
389 |
|
|
23.2 Work Breakdown Structure |
390 |
|
|
23.3 Modeling Guidelines for QTO |
391 |
|
|
23.4 Data Modeling for QTO |
393 |
|
|
23.5 Work Flow of BIM-Based QTO |
394 |
|
|
23.6 Summary |
396 |
|
|
References |
397 |
|
|
24 Building Surveying for As-Built Modeling |
398 |
|
|
24.1 Introduction |
398 |
|
|
24.2 Coordinate System |
400 |
|
|
24.3 Manual Surveying |
402 |
|
|
24.4 Tacheometry |
404 |
|
|
24.5 Photogrammetry |
406 |
|
|
24.5.1 Single Image Photogrammetry |
406 |
|
|
24.5.2 Multi-image Photogrammetry |
407 |
|
|
24.5.3 Stereo Photogrammetry |
408 |
|
|
24.5.4 UAV Photogrammetry |
410 |
|
|
24.6 Terrestrial Laser Scanning |
411 |
|
|
24.6.1 Laser Scanning in Combinationwith Photogrammetry |
414 |
|
|
24.7 Summary |
415 |
|
|
References |
416 |
|
|
25 BIM in Industrial Prefabrication for Construction |
417 |
|
|
25.1 Industrial Production in the Building Sector |
417 |
|
|
25.2 Production Models for Digital Production Methods |
419 |
|
|
25.2.1 CAD-CAM Process Schema |
419 |
|
|
25.2.2 Requirements for Production Models |
420 |
|
|
25.3 Object-Oriented CAD Systems in Manufacturing |
420 |
|
|
25.4 Further Aspects of Industrial Prefabrication |
422 |
|
|
25.4.1 Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) Systems |
423 |
|
|
25.4.2 Computer-Aided Quality (CAQ) Management |
423 |
|
|
25.4.3 Additive Manufacturing (AM) Techniques |
423 |
|
|
25.5 Summary |
424 |
|
|
References |
424 |
|
|
26 BIM for 3D Printing in Construction |
425 |
|
|
26.1 Introduction |
426 |
|
|
26.2 Background on 3D Printing |
427 |
|
|
26.2.1 Principles of 3D Printing |
427 |
|
|
26.2.1.1 Stereolithography (SLA) |
427 |
|
|
26.2.1.2 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) |
428 |
|
|
26.2.1.3 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) |
429 |
|
|
26.2.1.4 Powder Bed and Inkjet Head 3D Printing |
429 |
|
|
26.2.2 Cost of 3D Printing |
430 |
|
|
26.2.3 Direct and Indirect Use of 3D Printing |
431 |
|
|
26.2.4 Techniques in Construction Applications |
431 |
|
|
26.2.5 Ongoing Research Activities |
433 |
|
|
26.3 Methods |
435 |
|
|
26.3.1 Interdisciplinary Team Building for Setting Goals and Work Steps |
435 |
|
|
26.3.2 Automated 3D Printing Technology and Process in a Factory Setting |
436 |
|
|
26.4 Experiments and Results |
438 |
|
|
26.4.1 ``Stuttgart 21'' Main Central Station |
438 |
|
|
26.4.2 Small Scale Testing |
439 |
|
|
26.4.3 Large Scale Testing |
439 |
|
|
26.5 The Role of BIM and Robots in the 3D Printing Process |
440 |
|
|
26.5.1 General Requirements for 3D Printing |
443 |
|
|
26.5.2 3D Printing with Robots |
444 |
|
|
26.6 Summary |
447 |
|
|
References |
448 |
|
|
27 BIM-Based Production Systems |
451 |
|
|
27.1 Production Systems in the Building Sector |
452 |
|
|
27.2 Software Systems Supporting Production Systems |
453 |
|
|
27.3 Data Communication on the Project |
454 |
|
|
27.4 System Structure and Components |
456 |
|
|
27.4.1 Software Provision and Data Storage |
456 |
|
|
27.4.2 Web Portal |
457 |
|
|
27.4.3 Document Management |
457 |
|
|
27.4.4 Mobile Devices |
458 |
|
|
27.4.5 3D BIM Viewer |
459 |
|
|
27.4.6 Geographic Information System (GIS) |
460 |
|
|
27.4.7 Management Dashboard and Reporting |
461 |
|
|
27.4.8 Schedule |
461 |
|
|
27.4.9 Further Modules |
463 |
|
|
27.5 Application in a Construction Project |
463 |
|
|
27.5.1 Users and Project Stages |
463 |
|
|
27.5.2 Implementation in the Project |
464 |
|
|
27.5.3 Summary |
465 |
|
|
28 BIM-Based Progress Monitoring |
466 |
|
|
28.1 Introduction |
466 |
|
|
28.2 State of the Art |
467 |
|
|
28.3 Concept |
470 |
|
|
28.4 Data Acquisition and Point Cloud Generation |
470 |
|
|
28.4.1 Handheld Camera |
471 |
|
|
28.4.2 UAV |
472 |
|
|
28.4.3 Crane Camera |
472 |
|
|
28.4.4 Conclusion |
473 |
|
|
28.5 As-Planned vs. As-Built Comparison |
473 |
|
|
28.5.1 Enhancing Detection Rates |
474 |
|
|
28.5.2 Process Comparison |
477 |
|
|
28.6 Case Studies |
477 |
|
|
28.7 Summary |
478 |
|
|
References |
478 |
|
|
29 BIM in the Operation of Buildings |
480 |
|
|
29.1 Introduction |
480 |
|
|
29.2 Property Portfolios |
482 |
|
|
29.3 Work Stages During the Operation Phase |
483 |
|
|
29.3.1 Requirements Management |
484 |
|
|
29.3.2 Preparation for Commissioning |
486 |
|
|
29.3.3 Commissioning |
487 |
|
|
29.3.4 Ongoing Operation |
488 |
|
|
29.3.5 Change of Owner/Operator |
489 |
|
|
29.3.6 Data Acquisition for Existing Buildings |
490 |
|
|
29.4 Software Systems for the Operation of Buildings |
492 |
|
|
29.5 Summary |
493 |
|
|
References |
494 |
|
|
Part V Industrial Practice |
495 |
|
|
30 BIM at HOCHTIEF Solutions |
496 |
|
|
30.1 BIM History Within HOCHTIEF Solutions |
496 |
|
|
30.2 From 2D to BIM |
497 |
|
|
30.3 Examples of Completed and Ongoing Projects |
499 |
|
|
30.3.1 Barwa Commercial Avenue, Qatar |
499 |
|
|
30.3.2 Elbe Philharmonic Hall, Hamburg |
502 |
|
|
30.3.2.1 Building Statics Do Not Allow for Adding Openings at a Later Time |
503 |
|
|
30.3.2.2 From Areas to Structures |
505 |
|
|
30.4 BIM Benefits |
506 |
|
|
30.5 Summary |
507 |
|
|
31 Arup's Digital Future: The Path to BIM |
509 |
|
|
31.1 Introduction to Arup |
509 |
|
|
31.2 Arup's Global BIM Strategy: Phase 1 |
510 |
|
|
31.2.1 Drivers for BIM in Arup |
511 |
|
|
31.2.2 Aim of the BIM Strategy |
512 |
|
|
31.2.3 Mission Statement |
512 |
|
|
31.2.4 Implementing BIM: The Risks |
513 |
|
|
31.3 Managing the Transition |
513 |
|
|
31.3.1 Incentives |
514 |
|
|
31.3.2 Action Plan |
516 |
|
|
31.3.3 Skills |
517 |
|
|
31.3.4 Resources |
518 |
|
|
31.3.5 Measuring Success: The BIM Maturity Measure |
518 |
|
|
31.4 Implementation Activities |
519 |
|
|
31.4.1 Activity Area 1: Governance and Leadership |
519 |
|
|
31.4.1.1 Tasks and Objectives |
520 |
|
|
31.4.1.2 Activity Example: Global Benchmarking Heat Map |
520 |
|
|
31.4.2 Activity Area 2: People and Skills |
520 |
|
|
31.4.2.1 Tasks and Objectives |
520 |
|
|
31.4.2.2 Activity Example: BIM for Leaders |
522 |
|
|
31.4.3 Activity Area 3: Marketing and Communication |
522 |
|
|
31.4.3.1 Tasks and Objectives |
522 |
|
|
31.4.3.2 Activity Example: Marketing and Communication |
523 |
|
|
31.4.4 Activity Area 4: Processes |
523 |
|
|
31.4.4.1 Tasks and Objectives |
524 |
|
|
31.4.4.2 Activity Example Processes: The Arup BIM Maturity Measure |
524 |
|
|
31.4.5 Activity Area 5: Technology |
526 |
|
|
31.4.5.1 Tasks and Objectives |
526 |
|
|
31.4.5.2 Activity Example: Technology |
527 |
|
|
31.4.6 Activity Area 6: Research and Development |
527 |
|
|
31.4.6.1 Tasks and Objectives |
527 |
|
|
31.4.6.2 Activity Example: Research and Development |
528 |
|
|
31.4.7 Activity Area 7: Business Development and Project Support |
529 |
|
|
31.4.7.1 Tasks and Objectives |
529 |
|
|
31.4.7.2 Activity Example: Business Development and Project Support |
530 |
|
|
31.5 Hand-Back to the Business |
531 |
|
|
31.6 How Are We Doing? |
531 |
|
|
31.6.1 Maturity Measurement |
532 |
|
|
31.6.1.1 Analysis and Insight |
532 |
|
|
31.6.1.2 Further Developments |
532 |
|
|
31.6.1.3 Encouraging BIM Across the Industry |
533 |
|
|
31.7 Arup's Global BIM Strategy: Phase 2 |
533 |
|
|
31.8 Summary |
533 |
|
|
Reference |
534 |
|
|
32 BIM at OBERMEYER Planen + Beraten |
535 |
|
|
32.1 Technical Background and History |
535 |
|
|
32.2 The Importance of BIM from a Company Perspective |
536 |
|
|
32.3 BIM Development |
537 |
|
|
32.4 Project Examples |
538 |
|
|
32.4.1 Second Principal Rapid Transit Line in Munich, Germany |
538 |
|
|
32.4.2 BIM Pilot Project Auenbach Viaduct, Germany |
541 |
|
|
32.4.3 Al Ain Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |
543 |
|
|
32.5 Summary |
547 |
|
|
33 BIM at Hilti |
548 |
|
|
33.1 Introduction and General Approach |
548 |
|
|
33.2 Hilti BIM Solution: Design |
550 |
|
|
33.2.1 PROFIS Anchor |
550 |
|
|
33.2.2 PROFIS Installation |
550 |
|
|
33.2.3 Hilti BIM/CAD-Library |
551 |
|
|
33.2.4 Hilti Button for Firestop |
551 |
|
|
33.3 Hilti BIM Solution: Execution |
552 |
|
|
33.4 Hilti BIM Solution: Operation |
553 |
|
|
33.5 Summary |
553 |
|
|
34 BIM at STRABAG |
554 |
|
|
34.1 Overview |
555 |
|
|
34.2 Motivation for BIM |
556 |
|
|
34.3 BIM.5D® Development and Applications |
557 |
|
|
34.3.1 Definitions |
558 |
|
|
34.3.2 Roadmap |
559 |
|
|
34.3.3 Use Cases |
559 |
|
|
34.4 Examples of BIM.5D® Applications |
561 |
|
|
34.4.1 Applications in the Design, Planning and Construction Phases |
561 |
|
|
34.4.2 Object-Oriented Foundation and Infrastructure Modeling |
562 |
|
|
34.4.3 Quantity Estimation, Cost Calculation, Construction Scheduling |
565 |
|
|
34.4.4 From Digital Planning to Automated Production |
565 |
|
|
34.4.5 As-Built Documentation and Facility Management |
566 |
|
|
34.5 Summary |
567 |
|
|
References |
567 |
|
|
Part VI Summary and Outlook |
568 |
|
|
35 Conclusions and Outlook |
569 |
|
|
Glossary |
573 |
|
|
Index |
577 |
|