Preface	6
	Contents	8
	Chapter 1: Aerospace Trailblazers	10
	1.1 Introduction	10
	1.2 Beatrice Hicks (1919–1979)	10
	1.3 Yvonne Brill (1924–2013)	14
	1.4 Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–2017)	18
	1.5 Bonnie Dunbar (1949–)	20
	1.6 Tresa Pollock (1961–)	22
	1.7 Cady Coleman (1960–)	24
	References	25
	Chapter 2: Peeking Inside the Black Box: NMR Metabolomics for Optimizing Cell-Free Protein Synthesis	27
	2.1 Literature Review of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis	27
	2.2 Experimental	31
	2.3 Conclusions	39
	References	39
	Chapter 3: Development of Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials for Light Manipulation	42
	3.1 Introduction	42
	3.2 Overview of Classes of Nonlinear Optical Materials	44
	3.3 Lessons Learned in Development and Utility for AF Applications	50
	3.4 Conclusions	53
	References	53
	Chapter 4: 2D Materials: Molybdenum Disulfide for Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices	55
	4.1 Introduction	55
	4.2 MoS2 Research	56
	4.3 Conclusion	61
	References	61
	Chapter 5: Emerging Materials to Move Plasmonics into the Infrared	64
	5.1 Introduction	64
	5.2 Material Properties	65
	5.3 Transparent Conducting Oxides	67
	5.4 Metal Nitrides	69
	5.5 Semiconductors	70
	5.6 Graphene and Organics	71
	5.7 Nanoparticles and Nanostructures	72
	5.8 Future Outlook	76
	References	77
	Chapter 6: Materials for Flexible Thin-Film Transistors: High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering of Zinc Oxide	83
	6.1 Introduction	83
	6.2 Experimental Details	86
	6.3 Results and Discussion	88
	6.4 Conclusions	93
	References	94
	Chapter 7: Printed Electronics for Aerospace Applications	97
	7.1 Introduction	97
	7.2 Materials for Printing	98
	7.3 Printing and Post-processing	99
	7.4 Material Characterization	101
	7.5 Applications	104
	7.6 Summary	107
	References	108
	Chapter 8: Challenges in Metal Additive Manufacturing for Large-Scale Aerospace Applications	109
	8.1 Background: Metal Additive Manufacturing for Aerospace Applications	109
	8.2 Attributes of Additive Manufacturing Processes	110
	8.3 Directed Energy Deposition: Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (EBF3)	111
	8.4 Case Studies: Challenges in EBF3 Deposition	116
	8.4.1 Generic Inconel® 718 Rocket Nozzle	116
	8.4.2 Generic Ti-6Al-4V Rocket Nozzle	119
	8.4.3 Copper-Nickel Bimetallic Nozzle	121
	8.4.4 Aluminum Stiffened Panels for Aerostructures and Launch Vehicles	124
	8.5 Concluding Remarks	127
	References	127
	Chapter 9: Advanced Characterization of Multifunctional Nanocomposites	129
	9.1 Introduction	129
	9.2 The Interphase	130
	9.3 Nanoscale Characterization: Techniques and Challenges	131
	9.4 AFM of Polymer Nanocomposites	131
	9.5 SEM of Polymer Nanocomposites	134
	9.6 Atomic Force Microscopy with Infrared Spectroscopy	139
	9.7 Summary: The Power of Multiple Techniques	143
	References	144
	Chapter 10: Materials and Process Development of Aerospace Polymer Matrix Composites	146
	10.1 Introduction	146
	10.2 Materials Process Development	147
	10.2.1 Influence of Out-Time on the Out-of-Autoclave Processability of Large Composite Structures [1, 2]	147
	10.2.2 Evaluation of Exotherm Development in Processing Thick Composite Parts	150
	10.3 Materials Development	157
	10.3.1 Thermoplastic Interleave Approach to Meet Damage Tolerance Requirement of a Composite Fan Blade [9]	157
	10.4 Summary	160
	References	161
	Author Biographies	162
	Index	177