Contents	6
	About the Editors	16
	A Review on the Fabrication of Surface Composites via Friction Stir Processing and Its Modeling Using ANN	18
	1 Introduction	18
	2 Principle and Effect of Parameters of FSP	19
	2.1 Impact of Process Determinants	21
	2.2 Impact of Tool (Pin) Geometry	21
	2.3 Fabrication of Surface Composites	22
	3 Artificial Neural Networks	22
	3.1 Training of ANN	24
	3.2 Implementation of ANN	25
	3.3 Performance Evaluation of ANN	25
	4 Summary	26
	5 Future Scope	26
	References	27
	A Statistical Study of Consumer Perspective Towards the Supply Chain Management of Food Delivery Platforms	29
	1 Introduction	30
	2 Problem Statement	32
	3 Literature Review	35
	4 Research Methodology	36
	5 Numerical Illustration	37
	6 Result	39
	7 Conclusion	40
	References	40
	Design of an Auxiliary 3D Printed Soft Prosthetic Thumb	42
	1 Introduction	42
	2 Requirements and Challenges	43
	3 Design Conceptualization	43
	3.1 Structure	44
	3.2 Movement	44
	3.3 Flexor Pulley System	45
	3.4 Mounting	45
	4 Design Conceptualization	46
	4.1 CAD Model	46
	4.2 Material and Manufacturing	46
	4.3 Actuator	47
	4.4 Battery	48
	5 Control System	48
	6 Prototype Development	50
	7 Conclusion	50
	References	51
	Prediction of Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness in CNC Turning of Delrin Using Various Regression Techniques and Neural Networks and Optimization of Parameters Using Genetic Algorithm	53
	1 Introduction	53
	1.1 Linear Regression	54
	1.2 KNN Regression	55
	1.3 Support Vector Regression (SVR)	55
	1.4 Bayesian Ridge	55
	1.5 Decision Tree Regression	55
	1.6 Gradient Boosting Regression	56
	1.7 Neural Networks	56
	1.8 Genetic Algorithm (GA)	56
	2 Experimental Investigations	56
	3 Results and Discussion	57
	3.1 Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm (GA)	60
	4 Conclusion	61
	References	62
	Finding Accuracies of Various Machine Learning Algorithms by Classification of Pulsar Stars	64
	1 Introduction	64
	2 Problem Statement	66
	3 Research Methodology	67
	3.1 Random Forest	67
	3.2 Support Vector Machine	68
	3.3 Naive Bayes	69
	3.4 Keras Classifier (Based on Neural Networks)	70
	4 Results	70
	5 Conclusion	72
	References	72
	Robust Vehicle Development for Student Competitions using Fiber-Reinforced Composites	73
	1 Introduction	73
	2 Literature Review	74
	3 Materials	75
	3.1 Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer	75
	3.2 Fiber-Metal Laminates (FML)	75
	3.3 Metal Matrix Composites	76
	3.4 Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC)	76
	3.5 Aramid Fiber	76
	3.6 Kevlar	76
	3.7 Nomex	77
	3.8 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer	77
	4 Case Studies: Student Competitions	78
	4.1 Seafarer AUVSI SUAS	78
	4.2 Supermileage Eco-marathon	81
	4.3 Formula Student FS FSAE	83
	5 Optimization	86
	6 Sustainability	86
	6.1 Manufacturing	86
	6.2 Material Production	87
	6.3 End of Life	87
	7 Conclusion	87
	References	88
	Study and Applications of Fuzzy Systems in Domestic Products	89
	1 Introduction	89
	2 Fuzzy Logic	90
	2.1 Fuzzy Logic Toolbox	90
	2.2 PID Controller Versus Fuzzy Controller	91
	3 Domestic Product Methodologies	91
	3.1 Microwave Oven	91
	3.2 Domestic Flour Mill	92
	3.3 Gas Heater	93
	4 Extended Study: Domestic Iron	95
	4.1 Inside Mechanism	95
	4.2 Bimetallic Strip	95
	4.3 Model Proposed	95
	5 Results and Conclusion	96
	References	98
	Study of Process Parameters in Synergic MIG Welding a Review	100
	1 Introduction	100
	1.1 Process Description	100
	1.2 Advantages	101
	2 Conclusions	104
	References	104
	Comparative Study of Tribological Parameters of 3D Printed ABS and PLA Materials	106
	1 Introduction	107
	2 Experimentation	108
	2.1 3D Printer	108
	2.2 Pin-On-Disc Machine and Tribological Test	109
	2.3 3D Printing Parameters	110
	2.4 Design of Experiments	113
	3 Results and Discussions	113
	3.1 Disc Wear	113
	3.2 Wear on Pins	113
	3.3 Coefficient of Friction	116
	4 Conclusions	116
	References	118
	Study of Key Issues, Their Measures and Challenges to Implementing Green Practice in Coal Mining Industries in Indian Context	120
	1 Introduction	120
	2 Issues, Effects, Remedial Action and Their Possible Impact in Coal Mining Industries in India	121
	2.1 Introduction	121
	2.2 Main Issues, Effects and Best Management Practice	125
	3 Challenges to Implementing Green Practices in Coal Mines Industries	128
	3.1 Lack of Top Management Commitment	128
	3.2 Size of the Firm	128
	3.3 Oppose by Local Residents	128
	3.4 Poor Legislation	129
	3.5 Lack of Direct Incentives	129
	3.6 Financial Constraints	129
	3.7 Technical Barriers	129
	3.8 Lack of Employee Commitment	129
	3.9 Lack of Awareness	130
	4 SWOT for the Coal Mining Industry	130
	5 Conclusions	131
	References	132
	A Brief Review on Machining with Hybrid MQL Methods	134
	1 Introduction	134
	1.1 Conventional Cutting Fluids	135
	2 MQL or Minimum Quantity Lubrication	136
	2.1 Minimum Quantity Lubrication in Machining	137
	3 Advancements in MQL Delivery Methods	137
	3.1 Cooled Air MQL	138
	3.2 Cryogenic MQL	139
	3.3 Electrostatic MQL	141
	4 Conclusion and Future Scope	142
	References	143
	Analysis of Interrelationship Among Factors for Enhanced Agricultural Waste Utilization to Reduce Pollution	146
	1 Introduction	146
	2 Literature Review	147
	3 Methodology Used	148
	3.1 Structural Self-interaction Matrix	149
	3.2 Reachability Matrix	149
	3.3 Level Partition	150
	4 Results and Discussion	151
	4.1 Formation of ISM Model	151
	4.2 MICMAC Analysis	152
	5 Conclusion	153
	References	153
	Enhancement of Mechanical Properties for Dissimilar Welded Joint of AISI 304L and AISI 202 Austenitic Stainless Steel	155
	1 Introduction	155
	2 Experimental Procedure	157
	2.1 Materials and Methods	157
	2.2 Welding Parameters	158
	3 Result and Discussion	159
	3.1 Tensile Test (UTM)	159
	3.2 Microhardness (HV)	161
	3.3 Residual Stress (MPa)	162
	4 Conclusions	164
	References	164
	Effect of 3D Printing on SCM	166
	1 Introduction	166
	2 Literature Survey	168
	2.1 Literature survey on 3D Printing	168
	3 Methodology	168
	4 Discussion and research gap analyses	170
	5 Conclusion	171
	References	171
	Seasonal Behavior of Trophic Status Index of a Water Body, Bhalswa Lake, Delhi (India)	174
	1 Introduction	174
	2 Objectives of the Study	175
	3 Methodology	175
	3.1 Trophic Status Index	175
	3.2 TSI Values Uses	176
	3.3 Factors Influencing the TSI Values	178
	3.4 Parameters Studied for the Evaluation of TSI	178
	4 Results	179
	4.1 Determination of TSI (SD)	179
	4.2 Determination of Total Chlorophyll-A (TChl)	180
	4.3 Determination of Total Phosphorous	180
	4.4 Determination of Total TSI	181
	4.5 Carlson’s Trophic Status Index (C-TSI) = [TSI (TP) + TSI(CA) + TSI(SD)]/3	182
	5 Discussion	184
	6 Conclusion	185
	References	185
	Seasonal Variation of Water Quality Index of an Urban Water Body Bhalswa Lake, Delhi (India)	187
	1 Introduction	188
	2 Methodology	188
	3 Experimental Analysis	189
	3.1 Determination of Temperature	191
	3.2 Determination of pH	191
	3.3 Determination of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)	192
	3.4 Determination of Total Alkalinity (TA)	192
	3.5 Determination of Total Hardness (TH)	192
	3.6 Determination of Dissolved Oxygen (DO)	192
	3.7 Determination of Chloride	192
	3.8 Determination of Sulfate	192
	3.9 Determination of Nitrate	193
	3.10 Determination of Phosphate	193
	3.11 Determination of Water Quality Index (WQI)	193
	3.12 Standards of Water	194
	3.13 Determination of Temperature	194
	3.14 pH Level	194
	3.15 Determination of Dissolved Oxygen (DO)	195
	3.16 Determination of Total Phosphate (TP)	195
	3.17 Determination of Chloride	196
	3.18 Determination of Total Nitrate (NO3?)	196
	3.19 Determination of Total Sulfate (SO42?)	197
	3.20 Determination of Total Alkalinity (TA)	197
	3.21 Determination of Total TSI	197
	4 Conclusion	197
	References	198
	Material Study and Fabrication of the Next-Generation Urban Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Aarush X2	199
	1 Introduction	200
	2 Mathematical Formulation	201
	2.1 Displacement Field	201
	2.2 Strain–Displacement	204
	2.3 Constitutive Relations for the Core and Facesheet	205
	3 Load Prediction of Aarush X2	206
	3.1 Fuselage Belly	207
	3.2 Wing Skin	208
	4 Fabrication	209
	4.1 Fuselage	210
	4.2 Wing	211
	5 Flight Testing	211
	6 Conclusion	212
	References	213
	Intelligent Transport System: Classification of Traffic Signs Using Deep Neural Networks in Real Time	214
	1 Introduction	215
	2 Related Work	216
	3 Research Methodology	217
	3.1 Dataset Description	218
	3.2 Data Preprocessing	218
	3.3 Activation Function	221
	3.4 Model Architecture	223
	4 Evaluation and Results	225
	5 Conclusion and Future Work	225
	References	225
	Fabrication of Aluminium 6082–B4C–Aloe Vera Metal Matrix Composite with Ultrasonic Machine Using Mechanical Stirrer	227
	1 Introduction	227
	2 Material	230
	2.1 Fabrication Method	230
	2.2 Machining of Casting	232
	2.3 Microstructure	232
	3 Result and Discussion	232
	4 Conclusion	233
	References	234
	A Fuzzy AHP Approach for Prioritizing Diesel Locomotive Sheds a Case Study in Northern Railways Network	236
	1 Introduction	237
	2 Research Methodology	237
	3 Northern Railways Diesel Sheds a Case Study	240
	3.1 Determining the Weights of Alternative	240
	3.2 Determining Weights of Alternatives with Respect to Criteria	246
	4 Conclusion	249
	References	249
	Operation of Big-Data Analytics and Interactive Advertisement for Product/Service Delineation so as to Approach Its Customers	251
	1 Introduction	251
	2 Literature Review	253
	2.1 Big Data	253
	2.2 Interactive Advertisement	254
	2.3 Big-Data Analytics and Interactive Advertisement	254
	3 Hypothesis Development	255
	4 Research Methodology	256
	5 Conclusion	258
	6 Future Scope	259
	References	259
	Effect of Picosecond Laser Texture Surface on Tribological Properties on High-Chromium Steel Under Non-lubricated Conditions	261
	1 Introduction	261
	2 Morphological Structure and Material Testing	263
	2.1 Specimen Specifications	263
	2.2 Texturing Process	264
	3 Tribological Test	264
	4 Results and Discussion	266
	4.1 Wear	266
	4.2 Coefficient of Friction (COF)	267
	4.3 Temperature Variation	267
	5 Conclusions	269
	References	269
	A Statistical Approach for Overcut and Burr Minimization During Drilling of Stir-Casted MgO Reinforced Aluminium Composite	272
	1 Introduction	272
	2 Experimental Details	274
	2.1 Preparation of Aluminium Matrix Composite	274
	2.2 Drilling Process	276
	2.3 Burr Height Measurement	276
	2.4 Overcut Measurement	277
	2.5 Regression Analysis	277
	2.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis	278
	3 Results and Discussion	278
	3.1 Overcut Measurement	284
	4 Conclusion	285
	References	285
	Study and Design Conceptualization of Compliant Mechanisms and Designing a Compliant Accelerator Pedal	287
	1 Introduction	287
	2 Preliminaries	288
	2.1 Pseudo-Rigid-Body Modelling	288
	3 Modelling and Simulation	291
	3.1 Material Selection	291
	3.2 Mathematical Model	292
	3.3 Solid Modelling and FEA Simulation	293
	4 Validation	295
	5 Conclusion	295
	References	296
	Numerical Study on Fracture Parameters for Slit Specimens for Al2124 and Micro-alloyed Steel	298
	1 Introduction	298
	2 Theory	299
	3 Modelling	300
	3.1 Design	300
	3.2 Material Properties	300
	3.3 Assembly	301
	3.4 Step	301
	3.5 Load and Boundary Condition	302
	3.6 Meshing	302
	4 Results and Discussion	302
	5 Inference	303
	References	307
	Different Coating Methods and Its Effects on the Tool Steels: A Review	308
	1 Introduction	308
	1.1 Tool Steel	308
	2 Recent Works on Thermal Spray Coatings and Microwave Coatings	310
	3 Conclusion	313
	4 Future Work	314
	References	314
	Evaluation of Work-Related Stress Amongst Industrial Workers	316
	1 Introduction	316
	2 Background	317
	3 Methods and Materials	317
	3.1 Physiological Measures	317
	3.2 Psychological Questionnaire Measures	320
	3.3 Task Validation/Legitimization	320
	4 Data Attainment (Psychological Questionnaire Data and Physiological Signals)	321
	5 Results and Conclusion	322
	5.1 Questionnaire Analysis	322
	5.2 Statistical Analysis of Acquired Physiological Signals	323
	6 Conclusion	327
	References	328
	Exergoeconomic and Enviroeconomic Analysis of Flat Plate Collector: A Comparative Study	330
	1 Introduction	330
	1.1 Energy and Exergy Analyses	331
	2 Exergoeconomic and Enviroeconomic Analyses of Flat Plate Collector	332
	2.1 Fully and Partially Covered PVT Collector	333
	2.2 Enviro-economic Analysis of Flat Plate Collector (2016)	334
	3 A Review of the Latest Developments in the Analysis of Solar Collector	335
	4 Conclusion	336
	References	336
	Lead–Lag Relationship Between Spot and Futures Prices of Indian Agri Commodity Market	339
	1 Introduction	339
	2 Methodology	341
	2.1 Johansen Co-integration Test	341
	2.2 Error Correction Model	343
	2.3 Granger Causality Test	343
	3 Data and Interpretation	344
	4 Estimation Results	344
	5 Conclusions	347
	References	348
	Learnify: An Augmented Reality-Based Application for Learning	349
	1 Introduction	349
	1.1 Overview	349
	2 Proposed Work	351
	3 The Idea	351
	3.1 Implementation	351
	4 Result	352
	4.1 English Alphabets	352
	4.2 Mathematical Shapes	352
	4.3 Molecular Structure	353
	4.4 Biology—Anatomy	354
	5 Evaluation	354
	6 Conclusion and Discussion	356
	7 Future Work	357
	7.1 Making the Application More Interactive	357
	7.2 Animating the Models	357
	7.3 Using a VR Headset	358
	7.4 Using Projections	359
	References	359
	Thermal Analysis of Friction Stir Welding for Different Tool Geometries	360
	1 Introduction	360
	2 Model Description	362
	2.1 Heat Generation	362
	2.2 Heat Transfer	363
	2.3 Thermal Boundary Condition	364
	2.4 Mechanical Boundary Condition	364
	2.5 Process Parameters	364
	3 Results and Discussion	365
	3.1 Thermal History	366
	3.2 Stress Distribution	367
	4 Conclusions	368
	References	369
	Analysis of Electrolyte Flow Effects in Surface Micro-ECG	370
	1 Introduction	370
	2 Model Approach and Geometry	371
	3 Electrolyte Flow Simulation in IEG	371
	3.1 Governing Equations	372
	3.2 Boundary Conditions	372
	4 Results and Analysis	373
	4.1 Shear Stress and Force Evaluation	373
	4.2 MRR Evaluation	375
	4.3 MRR Validations	376
	5 Conclusions	377
	6 Future Scope	377
	References	378
	Investigate the Effect of Design Variables of Angular Contact Ball Bearing for the Performance Requirement	379
	1 Introduction	379
	2 Mathematical Model	380
	3 Design Variables Selection	382
	4 Design of Single Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing	382
	5 Material Properties	383
	6 Design Variable Matrix	383
	7 Static Structural Analysis	384
	7.1 Meshing and Boundary Conditions	384
	7.2 Inputs and Results	384
	8 Effect of Design Variables	384
	8.1 Taguchi’s Design	388
	8.2 Taguchi’s Analysis: Total Deformation Versus Material, Inner Raceway, Number of Balls	388
	8.3 Taguchi’s Analysis: Equivalent Stress Versus Material, Inner Raceway, Number of Balls	388
	9 Conclusion	389
	References	390
	Effect of Flow of Fluid Mass Per Unit Time on Life Cycle Conversion Efficiency of Double Slope Solar Desalination Unit Coupled with N Identical Evacuated Tubular Collectors	391
	1 Introduction	392
	2 Working of DSSDU Augmented with N Series Connected ETCs	393
	3 Equations Used for Analysis	395
	4 Procedure for Computation of LCCE for the Proposed System	396
	5 Results and Discussion	396
	6 Conclusions	399
	References	399
	Micro-milling Processes: A Review	401
	1 Introduction	401
	2 Various Micro-milling Techniques	403
	2.1 Conventional Micro-milling Processes	403
	2.2 Advanced Micro-milling Processes (AMMPs)	403
	2.3 Hybrid Micro-milling Processes (HMMPs)	406
	3 Conclusions	407
	References	408
	Strategic Enhancement of Operating Efficiency and Reliability of Process Steam Boilers System in Industry	410
	1 Introduction	411
	2 Design and Objectives of the Study	411
	3 Details of the Process Boilers Studied	412
	4 Methodology	413
	5 Test Results	414
	6 Measures to Improve Boiler Efficiency	416
	6.1 Type 1 Boilers: Lancashire Boilers	416
	6.2 Type 2 Boilers: Stoker Fired and Water Tube	417
	6.3 Type 3 Boilers: Manual Fired and Water Tube Type	419
	6.4 Type 4 Boilers: Step Grate and Fire Tube	420
	6.5 Type 5 Boilers: Step Grate and Water Tube	420
	6.6 Type 6 Boilers: Packaged and Fire Tube Type	421
	7 General Measures	421
	7.1 Steam Traps	422
	7.2 Condensate Recovery	422
	8 Other Steps Identified to Motivate Energy Conservation and Prolonged Reliability	423
	8.1 Proper Instrumentation	423
	8.2 Efficiency, Reliability and Maintenance	424
	8.3 Training/Education	425
	8.4 Incentive Schemes	425
	9 Conclusion	425
	References	427
	A Step Towards Responsive Healthcare Supply Chain Management: An Overview	428
	1 Introduction	428
	1.1 Healthcare Supply Chain Management	429
	2 Literature Review	431
	3 Various Issues of Heathcare Supply Chain Management	431
	3.1 Advancement of New Technology	431
	3.2 Communication (Lack of Information Flow)	432
	3.3 Cooperation	432
	3.4 Coordination (Integration Issue)	432
	3.5 Non Availability of Essential Medicines, Modern Equipment	432
	3.6 Shortfall of Trained Human Resources	432
	4 Challenges Faced by Healthcare Supply Chain Management	433
	5 Enablers of Healthcare Supply Chain Management	433
	6 Barriers of Healthcare Supply Chain Management	435
	7 Benefits of Responsive Healthcare Supply Chain Management	436
	8 Results and Interpretation	436
	9 Conclusion and Scope for Future Research	436
	References	437
	Designing of Fractional Order Controller Using SQP Algorithm for Industrial Scale Polymerization Reactor	441
	1 Introduction	441
	2 Problem Formulation	442
	3 Results and Discussion	443
	4 Conclusion	447
	References	449
	Additive Manufacturing in Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review	450
	1 Introduction of Additive Manufacturing	451
	2 Literature Review	451
	2.1 Background of Additive Manufacturing	451
	2.2 Review of AM in SCM	452
	2.3 Review of AM in Supply Chain Through Simulation Model	453
	2.4 Review Results	453
	3 Potential Impacts of AM on SCM	455
	3.1 Design	455
	3.2 Production and Supply Chain	455
	3.3 Use	456
	4 Conclusions and Future Scope	457
	References	458
	A Step Towards Next-Generation Mobile Communication: 5G Cellular Mobile Communication	460
	1 Introduction	460
	2 Backend Explanation of 5G	461
	2.1 Large-Frequency Bandwidth Usage	462
	2.2 Multi-antenna Technology Innovation	463
	2.3 Cofrequency Cotime Full-Duplex (CCFD)	463
	3 Architecture of Cellular Mobile Communication	463
	3.1 Security Threats	464
	3.2 Security Services	464
	3.3 Legends of Fig. 2	465
	4 Fifth-Generation Communication System Evolution and Future	466
	4.1 Since Different Scenarios Require Different Approaches to Technology and the Following Issues Need to Be Addressed in Order to Meet the Needs of the User	467
	4.2 Innovations During 5G Communication	468
	5 Conclusion	469
	References	470
	Efficacy and Challenges of Carbon Trading in India: A Comparative Analysis	471
	1 Introduction	471
	2 Emissions Versus Economic Growth Trade-Off: A Perennial Issue	472
	3 Need for Political Will and Market Forces	472
	4 Data Set	473
	5 Opportunities in Emissions Trading	473
	6 Calculations	473
	7 Results	474
	8 Role of CDM in Carbon Abatement	475
	9 Indian Carbon Market	476
	10 India Versus European Union	477
	11 Challenges and Threats	477
	12 Conclusion	477
	13 Suggestions	478
	References	478
	Micro-structural Investigation of Embedded Cam Tri-flute Tool Pin During Friction Stir Welding	479
	1 Introduction	479
	2 Experimental Procedure	481
	3 Result and Discussion	481
	3.1 Macro-structure	481
	3.2 Micro-structure	482
	4 Conclusion	485
	References	485
	Design and FEM Analysis of Connecting Rod of Different Materials	487
	1 Introduction	487
	2 Objective	488
	3 Materials Used in Connecting Rod	489
	4 Design Specifications	489
	5 Determination of Forces Acting on Connecting Rod	489
	6 Design Calculation and Analysis	491
	6.1 For Aluminium 7075 T6	494
	6.2 For Carbon Steel 40C8	494
	7 Results and Discussion	496
	8 Conclusions	501
	References	502
	Numerical Study on Heat Affected Zone and Material Removal Rate of Shape Memory Alloy in Wire Electric Discharge Machining	503
	1 Introduction	503
	2 Methodology	505
	2.1 FEM Approach of Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)	505
	2.2 FEM Approach for MRR	506
	3 Computational Analysis	507
	4 Results and Discussion	508
	5 Conclusion	509
	References	510
	A Hybrid Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approach for Selection of Sustainable Dielectric Fluid for Electric Discharge Machining Process	512
	1 Introduction	512
	2 Methodology	513
	2.1 Standard Deviation (SD) Method	514
	2.2 Proximity Indexed Value (PIV) Method	515
	3 Illustrative Examples	516
	4 Result and Discussion	517
	5 Conclusion	519
	References	519
	Preference Selection Index Approach as MADM Method for Ranking of FMS Flexibility	521
	1 Introduction	521
	2 PSI Methodology	522
	3 Ranking of Flexibility by PSI	525
	4 Discussion and Conclusion	525
	References	533
	Impact of Additive Manufacturing in Value Creation, Methods, Applications and Challenges	535
	1 Introduction	535
	2 Main Methods	536
	2.1 Selective Laser Sintering	537
	2.2 Fused Deposition Melting	537
	2.3 Powder Bed Fusion	538
	2.4 Inkjet Printing (IJP) and Contour Crafting (CC)	538
	2.5 Stereolithography (SLA)	538
	2.6 Laminated Object Manufacturing	539
	2.7 Binderjetting	539
	3 Value Creation System	539
	4 Trending Application	542
	4.1 Biomaterials	542
	4.2 Aerospace	543
	4.3 Building	543
	5 Challenges	543
	5.1 Void Formation	543
	5.2 Anisotropic Microstructure and Mechanical Properties	543
	5.3 Divergence from Design to Execution	544
	5.4 Layer-By-Layer Appearance	544
	6 Conclusions	544
	References	545
	3D Printing: A Review of Material, Properties and Application	547
	1 Introduction	547
	2 Materials	548
	2.1 Polymers and Composites	548
	2.2 Metals	548
	2.3 Concrete	549
	2.4 Ceramics	549
	3 Application	551
	3.1 Biomaterial	551
	3.2 Metamaterial	551
	3.3 Aerospace	552
	3.4 Construction Industries	552
	4 Conclusions	553
	References	554
	Effect of Infill Percentage on Vibration Characteristic of 3D-Printed Structure	556
	1 Introduction	556
	2 Methodology	558
	2.1 3D Printing of Structure	558
	2.2 Experimentations	559
	3 Results and Discussions	562
	4 Conclusions	563
	Reference	563
	Study of Slender Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Columns Filled with Concrete	565
	1 Introduction	565
	2 Literature Review	566
	3 Methodology	567
	3.1 Composite Column	567
	3.2 Column Specifications	568
	3.3 Experimental Setup	569
	3.4 Finite Element Analysis	571
	4 Conclusion	572
	References	573
	Factors Affecting Import Demand in India: A Principal Component Analysis Framework	574
	1 Introduction	574
	2 Literature Survey	576
	3 Data and Methodology	578
	3.1 Data	578
	3.2 Methodology	578
	4 Results	579
	5 Conclusion	582
	References	583
	Theoretical and Statistical Analysis of Inventory and Warehouse Management in Supply Chain Management—A Case Study on Small-Scale Industries	585
	1 Supply Chain Scenario in India	586
	2 Inventory Management	586
	2.1 Overall Analysis of Inventory Management	587
	2.2 Industry-Wise Data	587
	2.3 Statistical Analysis of Inventory	590
	3 Warehouse Management	591
	3.1 Industry-Wise Performance	591
	3.2 Overall Analysis of Warehouse Management	593
	3.3 Statistical Analysis of Warehouse Management	594
	4 Conclusion	595
	References	596
	Evaluation of Separation Efficiency of a Cyclone-Type Oil Separator	597
	1 Introduction	597
	2 Methodology	598
	2.1 Refrigerant Mass Flow Rate Calculations	598
	3 Analytical Model	599
	4 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation	599
	4.1 Meshing	600
	4.2 Fluid Modeling	600
	4.3 Boundary Conditions	601
	4.4 Solver Parameters	601
	4.5 Solution	601
	4.6 Results	601
	5 Conclusion	604
	References	604
	Energy Analysis of Double Evaporator Ammonia Water Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System	606
	1 Introduction	608
	2 System Description	610
	3 Thermodynamic Analysis	611
	3.1 Evaporator	612
	3.2 Absorber	612
	3.3 Solution Pump	612
	3.4 Generator	612
	3.5 Rectifier	613
	3.6 Solution Heat Exchanger	614
	3.7 Condenser	614
	3.8 Throttle Valve	615
	4 Results and Discussion	615
	4.1 Simulation Validation	615
	4.2 Effect of Generator Temperature on COP of System	616
	4.3 Effect of Evaporator Temperature on COP of System	617
	4.4 Effect of Absorber Temperature on the COP of System	618
	4.5 Effect of Evaporator Load on the COP of Double Evaporator System	619
	4.6 Effect of Generator Pressure on the COP of the System	620
	5 Conclusion	621
	References	621
	Blockchain Technology as a Tool to Manage Digital Identity: A Conceptual Study	622
	1 Introduction	622
	1.1 Core Components of Blockchain Technology	624
	1.2 Blockchain Classification	624
	1.3 Research Objectives	625
	2 Literature Review	625
	2.1 Blockchain Technology	625
	2.2 Fundamentals of Digital Identity Management	627
	2.3 Overview of Data Privacy Algorithms Suggested by Other Researchers	629
	3 Comparison Analysis	629
	4 Conclusion	632
	References	632
	Evolution in Micro-friction Stir Welding	635
	1 Introduction	635
	2 Challenges in Micro-FSW	638
	3 Discussion	638
	3.1 Tool	638
	3.2 Fixture	639
	3.3 Process Parameters	639
	3.4 Properties	640
	4 Conclusion	641
	References	641
	Traffic Noise Modelling Considering Traffic Compositions at Roundabouts	643
	1 Introduction	644
	2 Site Selection and Parameters	645
	3 Mathematical Modelling for Roundabout Traffic Noise	647
	3.1 Equivalent Sound-Level Equation (Leq)	648
	3.2 10-Percentile Sound-Level Equation (L10)	648
	3.3 50-Percentile Sound-Level Equation (L50)	649
	3.4 90-Percentile Sound-Level Equation (L90)	649
	4 Comparison of the Noise Climate on the Three Roundabouts	653
	5 1/1 Octave Band Analysis	655
	6 Conclusion	656
	References	657
	Hydrogen Embrittlement Prevention in High Strength Steels by Application of Various Surface Coatings-A Review	659
	1 Introduction	659
	2 Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steel	660
	3 Hydrogen Embrittlement Prevention	661
	3.1 HE Prevention by Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Coating	661
	3.2 Coating of Zn, Ni, Cu, Al, PVD-Ti-DLC, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Diffusion Layers	663
	3.3 Niobium Coating on API 5CT P110 Steel	664
	4 Conclusions	665
	References	666
	Commencement of Green Supply Chain Management Barriers: A Case of Rubber Industry	670
	1 Introduction and Background	671
	2 Identification of GSCM Barriers	671
	3 Methodology	674
	3.1 Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)	675
	3.2 ISM Approach	675
	3.3 MICMAC Analysis	675
	4 Results and Discussion	681
	5 Conclusion and Future Work	682
	References	683
	Estimation of Critical Key Performance Factors of Food Cold Supply Chain Using Fuzzy AHP Approach	685
	1 Introduction and Background	686
	2 Model Development	687
	3 Research Methodology	688
	3.1 Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP)	688
	4 Numerical Illustration	690
	5 Results and Discussion	693
	6 Conclusion	694
	References	694
	A Short Review on Machining with Ultrasonic MQL Method	696
	1 Introduction	696
	1.1 MQL	696
	2 Ultrasonic MQL	698
	2.1 Application of UMQL	698
	3 Conclusion	700
	References	701
	Professional Values and Ethics: Challenges, Solutions and Different Dimension	704
	1 Introduction	704
	2 Professional Values and Ethics	705
	3 Major Component of Professional Values and Ethics	705
	3.1 Dedication Toward Work	705
	3.2 Responsibility and Dependability	705
	3.3 Positive Attitude	706
	3.4 Self-motivated and Motivate Others	706
	3.5 Strong Self-confidence	706
	3.6 Professionalism	706
	3.7 Loyalty, Integrity and Honesty	706
	3.8 Respect and Discipline	707
	3.9 Adherence to Rules/Law	707
	4 Importance of Values and Ethics in Professional Life	707
	5 Professional Values and Ethics: How Useful They Are	707
	6 Ethical Dilemmas at Workplace: Challenges and Solution	708
	6.1 Sexual Harassment and Discrimination at Workplace	708
	6.2 Unethical Workplace Culture: Doing/Completing Personal Work During Office Time	709
	6.3 Taking Undue Credit for What Is Not Done	709
	6.4 Toxic Workplace	709
	6.5 Misuse of the Technology of the Company	709
	7 Conclusion	710
	7.1 It Should Always Be Remembered that:	710
	Design of 3D Printed Fabric for Fashion and Functional Applications	711
	1 Introduction	711
	2 State of the Art	712
	3 3D Printing of Design Pattern on Fabrics	713
	4 Experimental Investigation	714
	5 Results and Discussion	715
	6 Conclusions	716
	References	717
	Fabrication and Characterization of PVA-Based Films Cross-Linked with Citric Acid	718
	1 Introduction	719
	2 Material and Method	720
	2.1 Material	720
	2.2 Method	720
	2.3 Water Absorption Test	721
	2.4 Tensile Test	722
	3 Result and Discussions	722
	3.1 Water Absorption Test	722
	3.2 Tensile Test	722
	4 Conclusions	726
	References	726
	Characterization of Bael Shell (Aegle marmelos) Pyrolytic Biochar	728
	1 Introduction	729
	2 Materials and Methods	730
	3 Results and Discussion	731
	3.1 Proximate and Ultimate Analysis	731
	3.2 Thermal Degradation Analysis	733
	3.3 FTIR Analysis	734
	3.4 Crystallographic Analysis	735
	3.5 Morphology Study	736
	4 Conclusions	738
	References	738
	Metal Foam Manufacturing, Mechanical Properties and Its Designing Aspects—A Review	742
	1 Introduction	742
	2 Review of Literature	743
	3 Manufacturing Methods of Metal Foams	744
	4 Mechanics of Metal Foams	746
	5 Models Used for Analytical Computations	748
	6 Finite Element Modelling of Metal Foam	748
	6.1 Finite Element Model	749
	7 Conclusion	750
	References	750
	Emerging Trends in Internet of Things	752
	1 Introduction	752
	2 Why Fog Computing?	753
	3 Fog Computing	754
	3.1 Basics	754
	3.2 Fog Architecture	755
	3.3 Fog Computing Versus Edge Computing	756
	3.4 Latency Comparisons with Cloud Computing	756
	3.5 Advantages of Fog Architecture	759
	3.6 Challenges Faced by Fog Architecture	759
	4 Mobile Cloud Computing	760
	5 Applications	761
	6 Potential Applications (Case Study)	761
	7 Conclusion	763
	References	763
	Selection of Best Dispatching Rule for Job Sequencing Using Combined Best–Worst and Proximity Index Value Methods	764
	1 Introduction	765
	2 Methodology	765
	2.1 Job Sequencing	766
	2.2 Best–Worst Method	767
	2.3 Proximity Index Value Method	769
	3 Result and Discussion	770
	4 Conclusion	772
	References	773
	Thermal Performance Investigation of a Single Pass Solar Air Heater	774
	1 Introduction	775
	2 Theoretical Analysis	776
	2.1 Specifications of SPSAH	776
	2.2 Properties of Air	778
	3 Calculation of Nusselt Number	778
	3.1 Calculation of Coefficient of Heat Transfer	778
	3.2 Calculation of Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficients	780
	3.3 Determination of Coefficient of Effective Heat Transfer	780
	4 Loss Coefficient of SPSAH	780
	5 Energy Balance for SPSAH	780
	6 Performance Parameters of SPSAH	781
	6.1 Collector Efficiency Factor	781
	6.2 Collector Heat Removal Factor	781
	6.3 Useful Heat Gain Rate	782
	7 Results and Discussions	782
	7.1 Effect of Variation in Re and Solar Incident Radiations on Efficiency	782
	7.2 Effect of Variation in Reynolds Number and Solar Incident Radiations on Outlet Temperature	783
	7.3 Effect of Variation in Reynolds Number and Incident Solar Radiations on Outlet Useful Heat Gain	783
	8 Conclusion	784
	References	785
	Modelling of Ambient Noise Levels in Urban Environment	787
	1 Introduction	787
	2 Methodology	788
	2.1 Ambient Noise Level Calculation	788
	2.2 Support Vector Machine	789
	2.3 Nonlinearity in Data	789
	3 Results and Discussion	790
	4 Conclusion	793
	References	794
	Development and Characterizations of ZrB2–SiC Composites Sintered Through Microwave Sintering	795
	1 Introduction	795
	2 Experimental Procedure	796
	2.1 Materials and Samples Preparation	796
	2.2 Characterizations	797
	3 Results and Discussions	799
	3.1 Microstructures and EDS Analysis	799
	3.2 Relative Density	800
	3.3 Vickers Microhardness	801
	3.4 Fracture Toughness	802
	4 Conclusions	802
	References	803
	Characterization of Ni-Based Alloy Coating by Thermal Spraying Process	805
	1 Introduction	805
	2 Material and Method	806
	2.1 Substrate Preparation	806
	2.2 Coating Deposition	807
	3 Result and Discussion	808
	3.1 Morphological Analysis	808
	3.2 Mechanical Properties Analysis	809
	4 Conclusion	813
	References	813
	A Review on Solar Panel Cleaning Through Chemical Self-cleaning Method	815
	1 Introduction	815
	2 Various Techniques for Cleaning Solar Panel	817
	2.1 Natural Cleaning	817
	2.2 Manual Cleaning	817
	2.3 Mechanical	817
	2.4 Electrical	817
	2.5 Chemical Self-cleaning	818
	3 Properties of Superhydrophobic Materials	818
	3.1 Wettability	818
	3.2 Contact Angle	818
	3.3 Surface Energy and Surface Tension	819
	3.4 Surface Roughness	819
	4 Effect of Different Dust Pollutant on the Performance of Photovoltaic	819
	5 The Durability of Superhydrophobic Coating	820
	6 Conclusion	822
	References	822
	Investigations on Process Parameters of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM): A Review	825
	1 Introduction	825
	2 Metal Additive Manufacturing	826
	2.1 Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM)	826
	2.2 Wire and Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing (WLAM)	827
	2.3 Wire and Arc-Based Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)	827
	3 Parameters Affecting the WAAM Technology	828
	3.1 Wire Feed Speed (WFS)	828
	3.2 Travel Speed	829
	3.3 Heat Input	829
	3.4 Deposition Direction	829
	3.5 Bulk Deformation	829
	4 Applications of WAAM	830
	4.1 Aerospace Industries	830
	4.2 Nuclear Industry	830
	4.3 Medical Industry	830
	5 Issues and Challenges	830
	5.1 Surface and Material Quality	830
	5.2 Residual Stress and Distortion	831
	6 Conclusion	831
	References	831
	A State-of-the-Art Review on Fused Deposition Modelling Process	834
	1 Introduction	834
	2 History of Additive Manufacturing	835
	3 Role of AM in Industries 4.0	836
	4 Fused Deposition Modelling	836
	5 Materials in FDM	837
	6 Defects	837
	6.1 Void Formation	837
	6.2 Anisotropic Nature of Structure	838
	6.3 Deviation from Actual Design	838
	6.4 Layer-by-Layer Appearance	838
	6.5 Warping Defect	839
	6.6 Residual Stress and Strain	839
	7 Process Parameters of FDM	839
	8 Research Area in FDM	840
	9 Conclusion	841
	References	841
	3D Modelling of Human Joints Using Reverse Engineering for Biomedical Applications	844
	1 Introduction	844
	2 Methodology	846
	2.1 3D Slicer	846
	2.2 Blender	849
	3 Fabrication of Joints	851
	4 Results and Discussions	852
	5 Conclusions	853
	References	853
	Institutional Distance in Cross-Border M&As: Indian Evidence	855
	1 Introduction	855
	2 Literature Review	857
	2.1 Institutional Distance	857
	2.2 Cross-Border M&A, Institutional Distance and Ownership Structure	858
	3 Methodology	859
	3.1 Data Collection and Sample	859
	3.2 Measures	859
	4 Results and Discussion	860
	5 Conclusion	864
	References	865
	Synthesis and Characterization of PVDF/PMMA-Based Piezoelectric Blend Membrane	867
	1 Introduction	867
	2 Experimental Setup	868
	2.1 Materials	868
	3 Method of Preparation	868
	4 Characterization	869
	5 Results and Discussions	869
	6 Conclusion	872
	References	872
	Comparative Study of Retrofitted Columns Using Abaqus Software	874
	1 Introduction	874
	2 Objective of the Study	875
	3 Literature Review	875
	4 Materials Used	875
	4.1 Carbon Fibre	876
	4.2 Steel	876
	4.3 Aluminium	876
	4.4 E-Fibre Glass	876
	4.5 Douglas Fir Wood	876
	4.6 Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)	877
	5 Methodology	877
	5.1 Design Steps in ABAQUS [1]	877
	6 Results and Analysis	878
	6.1 Standard Column	878
	6.2 Carbon Fibre	879
	6.3 Steel	879
	6.4 Aluminium	880
	6.5 Composite of Aluminium and Steel	880
	6.6 E-Fibre Glass	881
	6.7 Douglas Fir Wood	882
	6.8 Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)	882
	7 Conclusion	883
	Reference	883
	Optimal Pricing and Procurement Decisions for Items with Imperfect Quality and Fixed Shelf Life Under Selling Price Dependent and Power Time Pattern Demand	884
	1 Introduction	885
	2 Notations and Assumptions	886
	3 Problem Definition and Model Formulation	888
	4 Solution Methodology	893
	5 Numerical Examples	893
	6 Sensitivity Analysis	895
	7 Conclusion	898
	References	899
	Experimental Analysis of Portable Optical Solar Water Heater	901
	1 Introduction	902
	2 Literature Review	902
	3 Methodology and Experimental Setup	903
	3.1 Components of Experimental Test Rig	903
	4 Fabrication of Experimental Test Rig	906
	4.1 Design and Fabrication of the Frame	907
	4.2 Design and Fabrication of the Storage Tank and Piping	907
	5 Experiments	908
	6 Analytical Computation	909
	6.1 Calculation of Ideal Temperature Rise Due to Optical Solar Collector	909
	7 Results and Discussion	910
	8 Comparison with Flat Plate Collector	912
	9 Conclusion	912
	References	913
	CO2 Laser Micromachining of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): A Review	914
	1 Introduction	914
	2 Principle of Laser Machining	915
	2.1 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser	916
	3 CO2 Laser Micromachining of PMMA	916
	4 Conclusions	919
	References	919
	Design of Delay Compensator for a Selected Process Model	921
	1 Introduction	921
	2 Methodology	922
	3 Results and Discussion	923
	4 Conclusion	923
	References	926
	Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash as Reinforcement with Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite: A Review of Technique, Parameter and Outcome	927
	1 Introduction	928
	2 Review of Experimental Analysis	928
	3 Technique of Fabrication and Wear Mechanism	929
	4 About Aluminium Alloy	929
	5 About Agro-Generated Waste	929
	6 About Fly Ash (FA)	930
	7 Rice Husk to Ash Preparation Processing	930
	8 Technique to Fabricate Compo-Composite	931
	9 Effect on Mechanical Properties of Compo-Composite on Addition of Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash	931
	10 AA6061/RHA Aluminium Matrix Composite Sliding Wear Behaviour	931
	11 Conclusion	934
	References	934
	Optimization of CNC Lathe Turning: A Review of Technique, Parameter and Outcome	937
	1 Introduction	938
	2 Literature Review	938
	3 Conclusions	945
	References	945
	Innovations and Future of Robotics	948
	1 Introduction	948
	2 Next-Generation Future Robotics	949
	3 Intelligent Devices	950
	4 Use of the Robotics	951
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope	952
	References	952
	Optimization of EDM Process Parameters: A Review of Technique, Process, and Outcome	954
	1 Introduction	955
	2 Taguchi Method	957
	3 Conclusion	967
	References	967
	Impact Behavior of Deformable Pin-Reinforced PU Foam Sandwich Structure	970
	1 Introduction	970
	2 Design and Numerical Analysis	972
	3 Results and Discussion	974
	4 Conclusion	977
	References	978
	Sensitivity Improvement of Piezoelectric Mass Sensing Cantilevers Through Profile Optimization	979
	1 Introduction	979
	2 Theory and Experiments	980
	3 Results and Discussion	982
	4 Conclusions	984
	References	986
	Current Status, Applications, and Factors Affecting Implementation of Additive Manufacturing in Indian Healthcare Sector: A Literature-Based Review	987
	1 Introduction	987
	2 Research Questions	988
	2.1 What Is the Benefit of Using Additive Manufacturing in Healthcare Sector?	988
	2.2 What Is the Present Status of Additive Manufacturing in Indian Healthcare Sector?	988
	2.3 What Are the Steps to Create a 3D Printed Body Part Used in Healthcare Sector by Additive Manufacturing?	988
	2.4 What Are the Applications of Additive Manufacturing in Indian Healthcare Sector?	989
	2.5 What Are the Factors Affecting the Implementation of Additive Manufacturing in Indian Healthcare Sector?	989
	3 Benefits of Additive Manufacturing in Healthcare Sector	989
	4 Research Status on Additive Manufacturing in Indian Healthcare Sector	990
	5 Steps Used to Create a 3D Printed Body Part Used in Healthcare Sector by Additive Manufacturing [22]	991
	5.1 Applications of Additive Manufacturing in Healthcare Sector	991
	6 Factors Affecting Implementation of Additive Manufacturing in Indian Healthcare Sector	991
	7 Discussion	992
	8 Future Scope	994
	9 Conclusion	994
	References	1000
	System Optimization for Economic and Sustainable Production and Utilization of Compressed Air (A Case Study in Asbestos Sheet Manufacturing Plant)	1003
	1 Introduction	1004
	2 Design and Objectives of the Study	1005
	3 Details of Process Systems and Major Equipment of Compressed Air Network Studied	1006
	3.1 Operating Systems and Energy Use	1006
	3.2 Technical Information	1007
	4 Methodology	1007
	4.1 FAD Test of RCs by Pump-Up Method	1008
	4.2 FAD Test by Suction Velocity Method	1009
	5 Observations on Operating Practices	1009
	5.1 Operating Pressure	1009
	5.2 Inlet Air Temperature, Air Filter Position, Suction Side Piping/Fittings	1010
	5.3 Drain Valves for Moisture Removal	1011
	5.4 Aftercoolers and Intercoolers	1011
	5.5 Compressed Air Delivery System (up to Distribution Headers/branch Pipes)	1011
	6 Analysis of Test/Performance Results	1012
	6.1 FAD by Pump-Up Tests	1012
	6.2 Compressed Air Leakage Tests/Estimation and Its Supply and Demand Balancing	1012
	7 Use of Automatic/Manual Drain Valve in Air Receiver	1015
	8 Measures to Improve Performance of Compressed Air System	1015
	8.1 Long-Term Measures	1015
	8.2 Short Term and Housekeeping Measures	1017
	9 Conclusions	1017
	References	1018
	Investigating the Prospects of E-waste and Plastic Waste as a Material for Partial Replacement of Aggregates in Concrete	1019
	1 Introduction	1019
	2 Methodology	1020
	2.1 Experimental Investigation	1020
	2.2 Experimental Programme	1020
	2.3 Material Properties	1021
	2.4 Flowchart of Experiment	1022
	2.5 Tests Conducted	1022
	2.6 Standard Design Mix	1023
	3 Results	1024
	4 Conclusion	1025
	5 Scope for Further Research	1026
	References	1026
	Investigation of Combustion, Performance and Emission of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles as Additives in CI Engine Fuels: A Review	1027
	1 Introduction	1028
	1.1 Alumina (Aluminium Oxide Al2O3) Nanoparticles	1029
	2 Summary	1032
	3 Conclusion	1033
	References	1034
	A Review of CI Engine Performance and Emissions with Graphene Nanoparticle Additive in Diesel and Biodiesel Blends	1036
	1 Introduction	1037
	2 GNPs Nanoparticles	1038
	3 Summary	1040
	4 Conclusion	1041
	References	1042
	Synthesis and Study of a Novel Carboxymethyl Guar Gum/Polyacrylate Polymeric Structured Hydrogel for Agricultural Application	1044
	1 Introduction	1044
	2 Experimental	1045
	2.1 Material	1045
	2.2 Synthesis of the Hydrogel	1046
	2.3 Swelling Studies	1046
	2.4 Characterization	1048
	2.5 Gel Content of Hydrogels	1048
	2.6 Water Retention Study in Soil	1049
	2.7 Plantation of Barley Seeds	1049
	3 Result and Discussion	1049
	3.1 Swelling Studies	1049
	3.2 Maximum Water Absorption Capacity	1050
	3.3 Plantation	1052
	3.4 Characterization	1052
	4 Conclusion	1053
	References	1054
	Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Forecasting of Flood at Kasol in Satluj River, India	1056
	1 Introduction	1057
	2 The Study Area and Data Collection	1057
	3 Artificial Neural Networks	1057
	4 Data Analysis	1059
	4.1 Assessment of Performance	1061
	4.2 Model Set-Up	1061
	5 Results and Discussions	1062
	6 Conclusion	1065
	References	1065
	Sewage Treatment Using Alum with Chitosan: A Comparative Study	1066
	1 Introduction	1067
	2 Materials and Methods	1068
	3 Results and Discussion	1068
	4 Conclusion	1077
	References	1079
	Automatic Plastic Sorting Machine Using Audio Wave Signal	1081
	1 Introduction	1082
	1.1 Plastic Detection Using Fourier Transform	1082
	1.2 Image Processing Technique	1082
	2 Methodology	1083
	2.1 Extraction of Audio Information	1083
	2.2 Mechanical System Design	1084
	3 Working in Real-Time Scenario	1087
	4 Results and Discussion	1088
	5 Application	1089
	6 Conclusion	1089
	7 Future Work	1090
	References	1090
	GSM Constructed Adaptable Locker Safety Scheme by Means of RFID, PIN Besides Finger Print Expertise	1092
	1 Introduction	1092
	2 Methodology	1093
	2.1 Basic Approach	1093
	2.2 Architecture	1094
	3 Implementation and Results	1095
	3.1 Arduino	1095
	3.2 GSM	1095
	3.3 RFID	1095
	3.4 Unique Mark Module	1096
	3.5 Arduino IDE	1096
	3.6 Storage Mode	1096
	3.7 Security Mode	1097
	4 Application	1097
	5 Conclusion	1097
	6 Future Enhancements	1098
	References	1098
	Low-Voltage Squarer–Divider Circuit Using Level Shifted Flipped Voltage Follower	1100
	1 Introduction	1100
	2 Voltage Follower	1101
	2.1 Voltage Follower	1101
	2.2 Flipped Voltage Follower (FVF)	1102
	3 Squarer–Divider Circuit	1104
	3.1 MOS Translinear (MTL)	1104
	4 Simulation Result	1107
	5 Conclusion	1108
	References	1109
	Memristor-Based Electronically Tunable Unity-Gain Sallen–Key Filters	1110
	1 Introduction	1110
	2 Modeling of Memristor	1111
	3 Sallen–Key Filter	1112
	4 Memristor-Based Unity-Gain Sallen–Key Filters	1114
	5 Simulation Results	1116
	6 Conclusion	1118
	References	1121
	Influence of Target Fields on Impact Stresses and Its Deformations in Aerial Bombs	1122
	1 Introduction	1122
	2 3-D Modelling of Aerial Bomb	1123
	2.1 Finite Element Modelling/Meshing	1123
	3 FE Simulation of Aerial Bomb with Different Target Fields—Results and Discussions	1124
	3.1 Impact Stresses and Its Deformations in Aerial Bombshells—Sand Target Field	1125
	4 Conclusions	1127
	Reference	1127
	A Review of Vortex Tube Device for Cooling Applications	1129
	1 Introduction	1129
	2 How It Works	1130
	3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Vortex Tube	1130
	4 Nomenclature	1132
	5 Benefits of Vortex Tube	1132
	6 State of the Art Review	1133
	6.1 Performance Investigation	1133
	6.2 Design Modification	1134
	6.3 Altering Parameters	1135
	6.4 Using Devices and Attachments	1136
	7 Conclusion	1136
	References	1137
	Implementation of Six-Sigma Tools in Hospitality Industry: A Case Study	1139
	1 Introduction	1139
	2 Literature Review	1140
	3 Implementation and Results	1141
	3.1 Define Phase	1141
	3.2 Measure Phase	1143
	3.3 Analyze Phase	1144
	3.4 Improve Phase	1147
	3.5 Control Phase	1149
	4 Conclusion	1149
	References	1150
	Impact of Integrating Artificial Intelligence with IoT-Enabled Supply Chain—A Systematic Literature Review	1151
	1 Introduction	1151
	2 Literature Review	1152
	2.1 Internet of Things (IoT)-Enabled Supply Chain	1153
	2.2 Integrating AI with Internet of Things (IoT)-Enabled Supply Chain	1153
	2.3 Impact of Integrating AI with IoT-Enabled Supply Chain	1154
	3 Result and Discussion	1155
	4 Conclusion	1155
	References	1156
	Experimental Study for the Health Monitoring of Milling Tool Using Statistical Features	1157
	1 Introduction	1157
	2 Experimental Setup	1158
	3 Features Extraction	1160
	4 Results and Discussions	1160
	4.1 Trend Analysis of Features Along x-Direction	1160
	4.2 Trend Analysis of Features Along y-Direction and z-Direction	1161
	5 Surface Topography	1163
	5.1 Important Parameter for Surface Roughness	1165
	6 Conclusion	1165
	References	1166
	PVT Aware Analysis of ISCAS C17 Benchmark Circuit	1167
	1 Introduction	1167
	2 Simulation Setup	1170
	3 Leakage Power Reduction Techniques	1170
	3.1 Power Gating (PG) Technique	1170
	3.2 LECTOR Technique	1171
	3.3 GALEOR Technique	1171
	3.4 Drain Gating (DG) Technique	1173
	4 PVT Analysis	1173
	5 Results and Discussions	1174
	5.1 Temperature Variations	1174
	5.2 Voltage Variations	1176
	5.3 Process Corner Variations	1177
	6 Conclusion and Future Scope	1178
	References	1178
	493613_1_En_108_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf	1
	108 Correction To: Advances in Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering	1
	Correction to: R. M. Singari et al. (eds.), Advances in Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8542-5	1