Preface	5
	Contents	10
	1 Introduction	17
	1.1 Design	17
	1.2 Design Research	18
	1.3 Main Issues	22
	1.4 Need for a Design Research Methodology	25
	1.5 Objectives	26
	1.6 Structure of this Book	27
	1.7 Main Points	28
	2 DRM: A Design Research Methodology	29
	2.1 Introduction	29
	2.2 Methodological Framework	30
	2.3 Types of Research Within the DRM Framework	34
	2.4 Representing Existing and Desired Situations	35
	2.5 Success Criteria and Measurable Success Criteria	42
	2.6 The Main Stages	45
	2.7 Comparison with Other Methodologies	54
	2.8 Main Points	57
	3 Research Clarification	59
	3.1 Research Clarification Process	60
	3.2 Identifying Overall Topic of Interest	61
	3.3 Clarifying Current Understanding and Expectations	67
	3.4 Clarifying Criteria, Main Questions and Hypotheses	73
	3.5 Selecting Type of Research	76
	3.6 Determining Areas of Relevance and Contribution	79
	3.7 Formulating Overall Research Plan	83
	3.8 General Guidelines on Doing Research	86
	3.9 Main Points	88
	4 Descriptive Study I: Understanding Design	91
	4.1 Schools of Thought	92
	4.2 Types of DS-I	96
	4.3 DS-I Process Steps	96
	4.4 Reviewing Literature	97
	4.5 Determining Research Focus	105
	4.6 Developing Research Plan for DS-I	118
	4.7 Undertaking an Empirical Study	130
	4.8 Drawing Overall Conclusions	147
	4.9 Main Points	153
	5 Prescriptive Study: Developing Design Support	157
	5.1 Types of Design Support	158
	5.2 Types of PS	159
	5.3 A Systematic PS Process	160
	5.4 Task Clarification	164
	5.5 Conceptualisation	169
	5.6 Elaboration	180
	5.7 Realisation	183
	5.8 Support Evaluation	192
	5.9 Main Points	194
	6 Descriptive Study II: Evaluating Design Support	197
	6.1 Evaluation	198
	6.2 Types of DS-II	211
	6.3 Systematic DS-II Process	212
	6.4 Reviewing Existing Documentation	213
	6.5 Determining Evaluation Focus	215
	6.6 Developing Evaluation Plan(s)	217
	6.7 Undertaking Evaluation	225
	6.8 Drawing Overall Conclusions	227
	6.9 Main Points	228
	7 Writing Up: Publishing Results	231
	7.1 Various Forms of Publication and Their Intent	232
	7.2 Overall Structure of a Thesis	233
	7.3 Approaches to Help Structure a Thesis	235
	7.4 Tips on Writing Specific Sections	237
	7.5 Writing Papers	243
	7.6 General Guidelines	243
	7.7 Main Points	245
	8 Summary and Conclusions	247
	8.1 Experience of Using DRM	247
	8.2 Further Research	253
	Appendix A Descriptive Study Methods	254
	A.1 Paradigms and Assumptions	254
	A.2 Reviewing Empirical Studies	258
	A.3 Laboratory Versus Industrial Environment	269
	A.4 Data-collection Methods	269
	A.5 Statistical Analysis	288
	Appendix B Prescriptive Study Methods	292
	B.1 Product Development Methodologies	292
	B.2 Software Development Approaches	297
	B.3 User-interface Design	310
	B.4 Support Outline: Summarising Scope and Assumptions	316
	Appendix C Example Research Projects	320
	C.1 Overview of the Examples	320
	C.2 A Process-based Approach to Computer-supported Engineering Design	322
	C.3 A Program for Computational Synthesis and Conceptual Design Support	333
	C.4 Teamwork in Engineering Design	343
	C.5 Measuring Conceptual Design Process Performance in Mechanical Engineering: A Question-based Approach	354
	C.6 Design for Quality	366
	C.7 Multi-disciplinary Design Problems	376
	C.8 Design for Reliability in Mechanical Systems	386
	References	397
	Index	407