Frontmatter	1
	Contents	5
	1. The age factor in context	7
	2. Early foreign language learning: Published research, good practice and main principles	45
	3. Assessment of early learning of foreign languages in the USA	65
	4. Assessing young language learners: What is the construct?	89
	5. Language proficiency and age-appropriate methodology at the English Kindergarten of Kuopio	103
	6. ‘‘I can you help?’’ Assessing speaking skills and interaction strategies of young learners	125
	7. Input and long-term effects of early learning in a formal setting	147
	8. English /l/ and /r/ acquisition by Japanese children and adults	167
	9. Individual differences in early language programmes	205
	10. Early foreign language instruction in Greece: Socioeconomic factors and their effect on young learners’ language development	233
	11. The role of aptitude in young learners’ foreign language learning	259
	12. Primary English in China: Policy, curriculum and implementation	283
	13. The teacher factor in early foreign language learning programmes: The case of Vietnam	317
	14. Chinese primary school students’ use of communication strategies in EFL classrooms	343
	15. Expanding the comparative context for early language learning: From foreign to heritage and minority language programmes	357
	16. The status of the target language: Contemporary criteria influencing language choices for early learners in England	383
	17. English for Young Learners (EYL) in grades 1 and 2 in Israel: A critical discourse analysis	409
	Backmatter	429