Preface	5
	Organization	6
	Table of Contents	12
	Invited Papers	12
	Virtual Reality: A Knowledge Tool for Cultural Heritage	15
	Introduction	15
	VR and Cultural Heritage Documentation	16
	Suchilquitongo	17
	Digital Reconstruction	17
	Cacaxtla	17
	Techniques Employed	18
	The Registry	18
	The Making of the 3D Models	20
	Describing IXTLI	21
	Results	22
	Further Works	23
	Conclusions	24
	References	24
	Computer Graphics Theory and Applications	12
	Part I: Geometry and Modeling	12
	Using Distance Information for Silhouette Preservation in Mesh Simplification Techniques	25
	Introduction	25
	Previous Work	26
	Mesh Simplification	26
	Digital Distance Transforms	27
	Method Description	27
	View-Dependent Distance Labels Computation	28
	Distance Labels Interpolation for New Points of View	31
	Mesh Simplification	31
	Results	33
	Conclusions and Future Work	37
	References	38
	Closed-Form Solutions for Continuous PCA and Bounding Box Algorithms	40
	Introduction	40
	PCA	42
	Continuous PCA	43
	Evaluation of the Expressions for Continuous PCA	44
	Continuous PCA in $R^2$	44
	Continuous PCA in $R^3$	46
	Experimental Results	48
	Evaluation of the PCA and CPCA Bounding Box Algorithms	49
	Evaluation of Other Bounding Box Algorithms	52
	Conclusions	53
	References	54
	Part II: Rendering	12
	An Importance Sampling Method for Arbitrary BRDFs	55
	Introduction	55
	Reflectance Equation and Monte-Carlo Estimation	56
	MC Numerical Estimation of $L_r$	56
	Sampling the BRDF	57
	Our Algorithm	59
	Building the Adaptive Structures	59
	Obtaining Sample Directions	60
	Quadtree Traversing for Optimal Sampling	62
	Quadtree Set Construction Requirements	62
	Results	63
	Sampling Analytical BRDF Models	63
	Adaptive Sampling of Measured Data	65
	Conclusions	66
	References	67
	Generalization of Single-Center Projections Using Projection Tile Screens	69
	Introduction	69
	Related Work	71
	Real-Time Non-planar Projections	71
	Projection Functions	73
	Adjusting the Orientation of the Projection Camera	73
	Normal-Map Optimization	74
	Concept of Projection Tiles	75
	Tile Features	76
	Projection Tiles and Projection Tile Screens	76
	Mapping Projection-Tile-Screens to Normal-Maps	77
	Implementation Details	77
	Cube Map Creation	78
	Applying Projections	79
	Experimental Results	79
	Application Examples	79
	Problems and Limitations	81
	Conclusions and Outlook	81
	References	81
	Part III: Interactive Environments	12
	Real-Time Generation of Interactive Virtual Human Behaviours	84
	Introduction	84
	Model of Interactive Behaviours	85
	Generating Interactive Behaviours	86
	The Windowed Viterbi Algorithm	86
	Estimating Output Behaviours	87
	Improving the Model for Tracking Accuracy	89
	Results	90
	Assessing the Accuracy of the Generated Behaviour	91
	Visual Evaluation	93
	Assessing the Accuracy of the Tracking Results	95
	Conclusions	95
	References	96
	CoGenIVE: Building 3D Virtual Environments Using a Model Based User Interface Design Approach	97
	Introduction	97
	Related Work	98
	The VR-DeMo Process	99
	Dialog Model	100
	Defining the States	100
	Handling Input	101
	Presentation Model	102
	Interaction Description	103
	NiMMiT Basic Primitives	104
	Additional Features	104
	Tool Support	105
	Application Prototypes	106
	Practical Use of CoGenIVE	107
	Conclusions	108
	References	108
	Computer Vision Theory and Applications	12
	Part I: Image Formation and Processing	12
	Fast Medial Axis Extraction Algorithm on Tubular Large 3D Data by Randomized Erosion	111
	Introduction	111
	Basic Notions	112
	Morphological Operators on Binary Images	112
	Accelerated Thinning and Skeleton Definition	113
	Methods	114
	Skeletonization Method	114
	Algorithm Details	114
	Results	117
	Fast Morphologic Operators on Binary Images	117
	Fast Skeletonization Algorithm	117
	Conclusions	121
	References	122
	Self-calibration of Central Cameras from Point Correspondences by Minimizing Angular Error	123
	Introduction	123
	Central Camera Models	124
	Image Formation in Central Cameras	124
	Radial Projection Models	126
	Backward Models	126
	Self-calibration Method	127
	Minimization of Angular Error for Two Views	127
	Constraints on Camera Parameters	129
	Robustness for Outliers	129
	Three Views	129
	Experiments	130
	Synthetic Data	130
	Real Data	133
	Discussion	134
	Conclusions	135
	References	135
	Image Filtering Based on Locally Estimated Geodesic Functions	137
	Introduction	137
	Similarity Measure Based on Geodesic Time	139
	Geodesic Time on Greylevel Images	139
	A New Geodesic Similarity Measure	140
	Geodesic $\Sigma$-Filter Depending on Image Gradient	140
	Estimation of the Similarity Measure	140
	Design of the Geodesic Filter	141
	Dealing with Multispectral Images	142
	Geodesic $\Delta$-Filter Accounting for Image Variations	143
	Experiments	144
	Implementation	144
	Results, Evaluation and Comparison with Other Methods	144
	Limitations and Improvements	145
	Conclusions	146
	References	147
	Part II: Image Analysis	13
	Computation of Left Ventricular Motion Patterns Using a Normalized Parametric Domain	149
	Introduction	149
	Left Ventricular Function Estimation	151
	Normalized Parametric Domain	154
	Initial Surface Fitting	154
	General Surface Fitting	155
	Regional Analysis of the LV	156
	Results	157
	Mean Motion Patterns	159
	Correlation between Motion and HVMB	159
	Conclusions and Future Work	160
	References	160
	Improving Geodesic Invariant Descriptors through Color Information	162
	Introduction	162
	Related Works	163
	Coloring Geodesic Invariant Features	164
	Fast Marching Algorithm in RGB Space	165
	Building the Geodesic Color Descriptor	166
	Color Invariants Selection	167
	Experimental Results	170
	Discussion and Future Works	174
	References	174
	On Head Pose Estimation in Face Recognition	176
	Introduction	176
	Feature Extraction	177
	Local Energy Model	177
	Proposed Feature Description	178
	Pose Estimation	180
	PIE Database	180
	Proposed Approach	181
	Experimental Setup and Results	185
	Test Results for Seen Imaging Conditions	185
	Test Results for Previously Unseen Illumination Conditions	186
	Test Results for Unseen Poses	187
	Conclusions and Discussion	187
	References	188
	Part III: Image Understanding	13
	Edge-Based Template Matching with a Harmonic Deformation Model	190
	Introduction	190
	Related Work	191
	Main Contributions	192
	Deformable Shape-Based Matching	192
	Shape Model Generation	192
	Deformable Metric Based on Local Edge Patches	193
	Deformable Shape Matching	195
	Harmonic Deformation Model	196
	Experiments	197
	Comparison with Descriptor-Based Matching	197
	Simulated TPS and Harmonic Deformation	198
	Real World Experiments	199
	Conclusions	200
	References	200
	Implementation of a Model for Perceptual Completion in $R^2 × S^1$	202
	Introduction	202
	Theoretical Background	204
	Lifting of the Image Level Lines in a 3D Space	204
	The Tangent Bundle and the Integral Curves	204
	Curve Length's and Metric of the Space	205
	The Lifted Surface as an Implicit Function	206
	Sub-riemannian Differential Operators	207
	Differential Geometry of the Surface	208
	The Completion Model	208
	Basic Model	208
	Algorithmic Implementation	209
	Multiple Concentration	210
	Numerical Scheme	211
	Experiments and Results	212
	Macula Cieca Example	212
	Occlusion Example	213
	Conclusions	214
	References	214
	Data Compression - A Generic Principle of Pattern Recognition?	216
	Introduction	216
	Compression for Recognition	218
	Method	218
	Theoretical Background	218
	Compression Algorithms	219
	Discussion of the Similarity Measure	219
	Experiments	219
	Object Recognition	219
	Texture Classification	224
	Image Retrieval	224
	Conclusions	224
	References	225
	Hierarchical Evaluation Model: Extended Analysis for 3D Face Recognition	227
	Introduction	227
	Related Works	228
	3D Face Matching	229
	The Surface Interpenetration Measure	229
	SA-Based Approach for Range Image Registration	230
	Modified SA-Based Approach for Range Image Registration	231
	3D Face Authentication	232
	Hierarchical Evaluation Model	233
	Experimental Results	234
	Alignment Results	234
	Analysis of the Hierarchical Evaluation Model	234
	Final Remarks	236
	References	237
	Estimation of 3D Instantaneous Motion of a Ball from a Single Motion-Blurred Image	239
	Introduction	239
	Related Works	240
	Problem Formulation	241
	Blurred Image Formation	241
	Blur on the Ball Surface	241
	Image Analysis	242
	Alpha Matting	242
	Blur Analysis	243
	Reconstruction Technique	243
	Null Translation	244
	Recovering the Ball 3D Position and Velocity	245
	Recovering Spin in the General Case	246
	Experiments	247
	Discussion and Conclusions	250
	References	250
	Part IV: Motion, Tracking and Stereo Vision	13
	Integrating Current Weather Effectsin to Urban Visualization	252
	Introduction	252
	Related Work	253
	Data Retrieval and Analysis	254
	Digital 3D City Model	255
	Steerable Weather-Camera	255
	Weather Radar and Web-Based Weather Services	257
	Rendering Techniques for Certain Weather Effects	259
	Atmospheric Rendering	259
	Rendering of Clouds	259
	Rendering of Rain and Snow	261
	Rendering of Fog	261
	Subjective Evaluation	261
	Tasks	261
	Results	262
	Conclusions	263
	References	264
	Guided KLT Tracking Using Camera Parameters in Consideration of Uncertainty	266
	Introduction	266
	Problem Statement and Motivation	266
	Literature Review	267
	KLT Tracking	267
	Using Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera Parameters	268
	In Consideration of Uncertainty	269
	Experimental Results	270
	Trail Length Evaluation	270
	Accuracy Evaluation	272
	Conclusions and Outlook	274
	References	275
	Automated Object Identification and Position Estimation for Airport Lighting Quality Assessment	276
	Introduction	276
	Model-Based (MB) Tracking	278
	Camera Positioning	280
	Distortion Correction	281
	Multi Frame-Based Estimation	282
	Constraints	283
	Position and Orientation Results	283
	Luminous Intensity Estimation for Quality Assessment	286
	Luminous Intensity Estimation Results	286
	Concluding Remarks	288
	References	289
	Author Index	290