CONTRIBUTORS	7
	Chapter 1CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OFRESPIRATORY FAILURE	9
	What is respiratory failure?	9
	What are the causes of respiratory failure?	10
	The pathophysiology of respiratory failure	11
	The management of respiratory failure	12
	Assessment of a patient with respiratory failure	12
	Diagnostic investigations	16
	Summary	21
	Case studies	22
	References	32
	Chapter 2ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS	34
	Acid–base physiology	34
	Non-invasive monitoring for respiratory failure	40
	Invasive monitoring for respiratory failure	43
	Case studies	52
	References	53
	Chapter 3OXYGEN THERAPY	55
	Hypoxaemic (Type I) respiratory failure	55
	Hypercapnic (Type II) respiratory failure	55
	Delivery of supplemental oxygen	57
	Acute oxygen therapy	64
	Home oxygen therapy	69
	Ambulatory oxygen therapy	77
	Travelling with oxygen	91
	References	94
	Chapter 4NON-INVASIVE VENTILATION	97
	Indications: acute use	98
	Indications: long-term use	105
	Indications: palliation	109
	Contraindications	113
	Application	116
	Choosing equipment (interfaces)	124
	Prevention of complications	128
	Troubleshooting	128
	References	130
	Chapter 5CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAYPRESSURE (CPAP)	135
	CPAP for the treatment of Type I respiratory failure	135
	CPAP for the treatment of obstructive sleepapnoea/hypopnoea syndrome	148
	Other forms of treatment	157
	References	160
	Chapter 6SETTING UP RESPIRATORYSUPPORT SERVICES	164
	Non-invasive ventilation	167
	Home oxygen	176
	Home CPAP for sleep apnoea	184
	References	194
	Chapter 7ETHICS	195
	Principle-based approach to ethical decision making	195
	End-of-life decisions	199
	Acts and omissions	206
	Case studies	207
	Legal cases to support decision making	211
	Professional responsibility in ethical decision making	214
	References	215
	Legal references	217
	INDEX	219