Author’s Preface to the French Edition	6
	Author’s Preface to the English Edition	10
	Editor and Translator’s Preface	12
	Contents	20
	Abbreviations	21
	1 The Invention of a Language: Yiddish among the European Vernaculars	22
	2 The Emergence of Yiddish Literature and the Crisis in Jewish Society	47
	3 The Printing, Distribution, and Audience of Yiddish Books	59
	4 Bilingualism and the Development of Old Yiddish Literature	93
	5 Yiddish Bibles	103
	6 Medieval Epic and Romance in Yiddish	149
	7 Elia Levita and the Romanzo Cavalleresco	184
	8 Books of Morality and Conduct	228
	Ethico-Mystical Treatises in Yiddish	258
	The Books of Custom and Conduct: Minhogim sforim	269
	9 Prayer in the Vernacular	281
	Tkhinous ‘Prayers of Supplication’	295
	Yiddish and Bilingual Rites of Daily Prayer (sidurim) and Holiday Prayers (makhzourim)	306
	10 Yiddish Narrative	317
	11 Terrestrial Suffering in a Topsy-Turvy World	349
	Megilas Vints: An Historical Poem on the Pogrom in Frankfurt am Main in 1616	349
	Yiddish Medical Texts (Fourteenth–Eighteenth Centuries)	362
	Purim-shpil and the Jewish Carnivalesque Tradition	380
	Conclusion: From the Old to the New	407
	Glossary	409
	A	409
	B	409
	D	409
	G	409
	H	409
	K	409
	L	410
	M	410
	N	410
	O	410
	P	410
	S	410
	T	411
	Y	411
	Z	411
	Bibliography	412
	Index	466
	A	466
	B	467
	C	468
	D	468
	E	468
	F	469
	G	470
	H	470
	I	470
	J	471
	K	472
	L	472
	M	473
	N	474
	O	475
	P	475
	R	476
	S	476
	T	478
	U	479
	V	479
	W	479
	X	479
	Y	479
	Z	480
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